Darius I, Bisotun (DB3.)
DB3.Darius I, Bisotun (DB3.) is a published Old Persian inscription record in the authorized TITUS corpus snapshot. The siglum DB3. identifies this exact text record.
Machine-generated and unreviewedVerified catalog identification
Identifiers and diplomatic text layers are retained from the authorized corpus snapshot.
Machine-generated and unreviewed- Ruler
- Darius I Machine-generated and unreviewed
- Place
- Bisotun Machine-generated and unreviewed
- Date / period
- Achaemenid period, 522–486 BCE Machine-generated and unreviewed
- Lines
- 92
Full inscription reading
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Published lines
92 lines
Line 81 𐏐 𐎠𐎷𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎴𐎲𐎢𐎴𐎡𐎫𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐏂 𐏐 𐎱𐎿𐎠𐎺 𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼 𐏐 𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎽𐎢𐎻𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐏃𐎨𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐏃/𐎷𐎡𐏂𐎡𐎹
: a-mi-i-y : h-y : n-b-u-n-i-t-h-y : p-u-ç : p-s-a-v : k-a-r : b-a-b-i-ru-u-vi-i-y : h-c-a-m : h-/mi-i-ç-i-y
Machine-generated and unreviewedbe · who · Nabonidus, king of Babylon · son · after · people · Babylonian · from · treacherous
Audio reading of line 81
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 82 𐏐 𐎠𐎲𐎺 𐏐 𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎼𐎧𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐏁𐎡𐎹𐎺 𐏐 𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎽𐎢𐎶 𐏐 𐏃𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐎠𐎥𐎼𐎲𐎠𐎹𐎫/𐎠
: a-b-v : a-b-i-y : a-v-m : a-r-x-m : a-š-i-y-v : b-a-b-i-ru-u-m : h-u-v : a-g-r-b-a-y-t-/a
Machine-generated and unreviewedbe, become · to · that one · an Armenian, son of Haldita · move · Babylon · that one · seize
Audio reading of line 82
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 83 Editorial restoration𐏐 𐏃𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎲𐎺 𐏐 𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎼𐎢𐎺 !! 𐏐 𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐎠[𐎼𐎹𐎺]𐎢[𐏁 𐏐 𐎧𐏁]𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡/𐎹
: h-u-v : x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : a-b-v : b-a-b-i-r-u-v !! : ϑ-a-t-i-y : d-a-[r-y-v]-u-[š : x-š]-a-y-ϑ-i-/y
Machine-generated and unreviewedthat one · king · be, become · Babylon · say · Darius · king
Audio reading of line 83
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 84 Editorial restoration𐏐 𐎱𐎿𐎠𐎺 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼𐎶 𐏐 𐎳𐎼𐎠𐎡𐏁𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎽𐎢𐎶 𐏐 𐎻𐎡𐎭𐎳𐎼[𐎴𐎠] 𐏐 𐎴𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎱𐎠(𐎼𐎿) 𐏐 𐎶𐎴𐎠
: p-s-a-v : a-d-m : k-a-r-m : f-r-a-i-š-y-m : b-a-b-i-ru-u-m : vi-i-d-f-r-[n-a] : n-a-m : p-a-(r-s) : m-n-a
Machine-generated and unreviewedafter · I · people · send · Babylon · son of Vahyasaruva, servant of Darius I · name · Persia; Persian · me, mine
Audio reading of line 84
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 85 Editorial restoration𐏐 𐎲𐎭𐎣 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎶𐏁𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎶𐎰𐎡𐏁𐎫𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎰𐎠𐏁𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎰𐏃𐎶 𐏐 𐎱𐎼[𐎡𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎺]𐎶 𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼𐎶
: b-d-k : a-v-m-š-a-m : m-ϑ-i-š-t-m : a-ku-u-n-v-m : a-v-ϑ-a-š-a-m : a-ϑ-h-m : p-r-[i-t-a : a-v]-m : k-a-r-m
Machine-generated and unreviewedvassal · that one · greatest · do · so · speak · set off · that one · people
Audio reading of line 85
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 86 Editorial restoration𐏐 𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎽𐎢𐎻𐎡[𐎹]𐎶 𐏐 𐎩𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎶𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎴𐎡𐎹 𐏐 [𐎥]𐎢𐎲𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎱𐎿𐎠𐎺 𐏐 [𐎻]𐎡𐎭[𐎳𐎼𐎴]𐎠 𐏐 𐏃𐎭𐎠 𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼/𐎠
: b-a-b-i-ru-u-vi-i-[y]-m : j-t-a : h-y : m-n-a : n-i-y : [g]-u-b-a-t-i-y : p-s-a-v : [vi]-i-d-[f-r-n]-a : h-d-a : k-a-r-/a
Machine-generated and unreviewedBabylonian · beat · who · me, mine · not · call onself · after · son of Vahyasaruva, servant of Darius I · (together) with · people
Audio reading of line 86
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 87 Editorial restoration𐏐 𐎠𐏁𐎡𐎹𐎺 𐏐 𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎽𐎢𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎢𐎼𐎶𐏀𐎭𐎠𐎶𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎢𐎱𐎿𐎫[𐎠𐎶] 𐏐 𐎠[𐎲𐎼] 𐏐 𐎺𐏁𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎢𐎼𐎶𐏀/𐎭𐎠𐏃
: a-š-i-y-v : b-a-b-i-ru-u-m : a-u-r-m-z-d-a-m-i-y : u-p-s-t-[a-m] : a-[b-r] : v-š-n-a : a-u-r-m-z-/d-a-h
Machine-generated and unreviewedmove · Babylon · Ahuramazdā · support · carry · will · Ahuramazdā
Audio reading of line 87
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 88 Editorial restoration𐏐 𐎻𐎡𐎭[𐎳𐎼]𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎽𐎢𐎻𐎡[𐎹]𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎩 𐏐 𐎢𐎫𐎠 𐏐 [𐎲𐎿𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎴𐎹 𐏐 𐎺𐎼𐎣𐏀𐎴𐏃𐎹] 𐏐 𐎶𐎠𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐏔𐏒 𐏐 𐎼/𐎢𐎨𐎲𐎡𐏁
: vi-i-d-[f-r]-n-a : b-a-b-i-ru-u-vi-i-[y]-a : a-j : u-t-a : [b-s-t-a : a-n-y : v-r-k-z-n-h-y] : m-a-h-y-a : 20-2 : r-/u-c-b-i-š
Machine-generated and unreviewedson of Vahyasaruva, servant of Darius I · Babylonian · beat · and · bind · lead, bring · 8th month · month · [20-2] · day
Audio reading of line 88
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 89 Editorial restoration𐏐 𐎰𐎣𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐏃 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎰𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎼𐎧𐎶 𐏐 [𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎴𐎲]𐎢𐎤𐎭𐎼𐎨𐎼 [𐏐 𐎯𐎢𐎽𐎢𐎧](𐎫)𐎶 𐏐 𐎠/𐎥𐎢𐎲𐎫[𐎠]
: ϑ-k-t-a : a-h : a-v-ϑ-a : a-v-m : a-r-x-m : [h-y : n-b]-u-ku-d-r-c-r [: du-u-ru-u-x]-(t)-m : a-/g-u-b-t-[a]
Machine-generated and unreviewedpass · be · so · that one · an Armenian, son of Haldita · who · Nebuchadnezzar III, 'king' of Babylon · lie · call onself
Audio reading of line 89
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 90 Editorial restoration𐏐 𐎢𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎶𐎼𐎫𐎡𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐏁𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎳[𐎼𐎫𐎶𐎠] 𐏐 𐎠𐎵𐎢𐏁𐎡𐎹𐎠 [𐏐 𐎠𐏃𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎥𐎼𐎲]/[𐎠𐎹
: u-t-a : m-r-t-i-y-a : t-y-i-š-i-y : f-[r-t-m-a] : a-nu-u-š-i-y-a [: a-h-t-a : a-g-r-b]-/[a-y
Machine-generated and unreviewedand · man · who · foremost, highest ranking · follower · be · seize
Audio reading of line 90
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 91 Editorial restoration𐏐 𐎴𐎡𐎹𐏁]𐎫𐎠𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐏃[𐎢𐎺] 𐏐 𐎠[𐎼]𐎧 𐏐 [𐎢]𐎫𐎠 [𐏐 𐎶𐎼𐎫]𐎡𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐏁[𐎡]𐎹 [𐏐 𐎳]𐎼𐎫[𐎶]𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎵/𐎢𐏁𐎡𐎹𐎠
: n-i-y-š]-t-a-y-m : h-[u-v] : a-[r]-x : [u]-t-a [: m-r-t]-i-y-a : t-y-i-š-[i]-y [: f]-r-t-[m]-a : a-nu-/u-š-i-y-a
Machine-generated and unreviewedorder · that one · an Armenian, son of Haldita · and · man · who · foremost, highest ranking · follower
Audio reading of line 91
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
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Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 92 Editorial restoration𐏐 𐎠𐏃𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎼[𐎢]𐎺 𐏐 [𐎢]𐏀<𐎶>𐎹𐎠𐎱𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎣𐎼𐎡𐎹𐎫𐎠
: a-h-t-a : b-a-b-i-r-[u]-v : [u]-z-<m>-y-a-p-t-i-y : a-k-r-i-y-t-a
Machine-generated and unreviewedbe · Babylon · (stake) planted upright? · do
Audio reading of line 92
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.