Darius I, Bisotun (DB4.)
DB4.Darius I, Bisotun (DB4.) is a published Old Persian inscription record in the authorized TITUS corpus snapshot. The siglum DB4. identifies this exact text record.
Machine-generated and unreviewedVerified catalog identification
Identifiers and diplomatic text layers are retained from the authorized corpus snapshot.
Machine-generated and unreviewed- Ruler
- Darius I Machine-generated and unreviewed
- Place
- Bisotun Machine-generated and unreviewed
- Date / period
- Achaemenid period, 522–486 BCE Machine-generated and unreviewed
- Lines
- 92
Full inscription reading
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Published lines
92 lines
Line 81 Editorial restoration𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎣𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎭𐎠 𐏐 [𐎠]𐏃𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎹𐎠𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎥𐎢𐎶𐎠𐎫𐎶 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎶𐎦𐎢𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎠𐎩𐎴𐎶 𐏐
: a-d-k-i-y : a-v-d-a : [a]-h-t-a : y-a-t-a : a-d-m : g-u-m-a-t-m : t-y-m : m-gu-u-m : a-v-a-j-n-m :
Machine-generated and unreviewedthen · then · be · while · I · magus, pretender to the throne · who · Magian/Magus · kill
Audio reading of line 81
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 82 Editorial restoration𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎲𐎼𐎮𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎥[𐎢](𐎲)𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎣𐎡𐎹 [𐏐] 𐎡𐎶𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎶𐎼𐎫𐎡𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐏃𐎶𐎫𐎧𐏁𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎵𐎢𐏁𐎡𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎶𐎴/𐎠
h-y : b-r-di-i-y : a-g-[u]-(b)-t-a : a-d-k-i-y [:] i-m-i-y : m-r-t-i-y-a : h-m-t-x-š-t-a : a-nu-u-š-i-y-a : m-n-/a
Machine-generated and unreviewedwho · younger brother of Cambyses II · call onself · then · this (here) · man · cooperate · follower · me, mine
Audio reading of line 82
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 83 Editorial restoration𐏐 𐎻𐎡𐎭𐎳𐎼𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎴𐎠[𐎶] 𐏐 𐎺(𐏃)𐎹𐎿𐎱(𐎽𐎢𐎺)𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐏂 𐏐 𐎱𐎠𐎼[𐎿] 𐏐 𐎢𐎫𐎠𐎴 𐏐 𐎴𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎰𐎢𐎧𐎼𐏃𐎹𐎠
: vi-i-d-f-r-n-a : n-a-[m] : v-(h)-y-s-p-(ru-u-v)-h-y-a : p-u-ç : p-a-r-[s] : u-t-a-n : n-a-m : ϑ-u-x-r-h-y-a
Machine-generated and unreviewedson of Vahyasaruva, servant of Darius I · name · father of Vindafarnah · son · Persia; Persian · Hutana, son of Thukhra, servant of Darius I · name · father of Utāna
Audio reading of line 83
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 84 Editorial restoration𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐏂 𐏐 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 𐏐 𐎥𐎢𐎲𐎽𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐎴𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎶𐎼𐎯𐎢𐎴𐎡𐎹𐏃𐎹[𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐏂] 𐏐 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 𐏐 𐎻𐎡𐎭𐎼𐎴 𐏐 𐎴𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎲/𐎥𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎥𐎴𐏃[𐎹]𐎠
: p-u-ç : p-a-r-s : g-u-b-ru-u-v : n-a-m : m-r-du-u-n-i-y-h-y-[a : p-u-ç] : p-a-r-s : vi-i-d-r-n : n-a-m : b-/g-a-b-i-g-n-h-[y]-a
Machine-generated and unreviewedson · Persia; Persian · Gobryas, son of Mardonius, servant of Darius I · name · Mardonius, father of Gaubaruva · son · Persia; Persian · Hydarnes, general of Darius I · name · father of Vidarna
Audio reading of line 84
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 85 Editorial restoration[𐏐] 𐎱𐎢𐏂 𐏐 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 𐏐 𐎲[𐎥𐎲]𐎢𐎧𐏁 𐏐 𐎴𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎭𐎠(𐎫𐎺)𐏃𐎹𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐏂 𐏐 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 𐏐
[:] p-u-ç : p-a-r-s : b-[g-b]-u-x-š : n-a-m : d-a-(t-v)-h-y-h-y-a : p-u-ç : p-a-r-s :
Machine-generated and unreviewedson · Persia; Persian · son of Datavahya, servant of Darius I · name · father of Bagabukhsha · son · Persia; Persian · Persian
Audio reading of line 85
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 86 Editorial restoration𐎠𐎼𐎯𐎢(𐎶)𐎴𐎡𐏁 𐏐 (𐎴𐎠𐎶) [𐏐] 𐎺𐏃𐎢𐎣𐏃𐎹(𐎠) 𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐏂 𐏐 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 !! 𐏐 𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰/𐎡𐎹
a-r-du-u-(m)-n-i-š : (n-a-m) [:] v-h-u-k-h-y-(a) : p-u-ç : p-a-r-s !! : ϑ-a-t-i-y : d-a-r-y-v-u-š : x-š-a-y-ϑ-/i-y
Machine-generated and unreviewedson of Vahauka, servant of Darius I · name · father of Ardumanish · son · Persia; Persian · say · Darius · king
Audio reading of line 86
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 87 Editorial restoration𐏐 𐎬𐎢𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎣(𐎠) 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹[𐎰]𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎱𐎼𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎡𐎶𐎡𐏁𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎶𐎼𐎫𐎡𐎹𐎠𐎴𐎠/𐎶
: tu-u-v-m : k-(a) : x-š-a-y-[ϑ]-i-y : h-y : a-p-r-m : a-h-y : t-y-a-m : i-m-i-š-a-m : m-r-t-i-y-a-n-a-/m
Machine-generated and unreviewedyou · wherever · king · who · later · be · who · this (here) · man
Audio reading of line 87
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 88 Editorial restoration𐏐 𐎫𐎢𐎶𐎠𐎶 𐏐 [𐎢𐎲<𐎼>]𐎫𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎱𐎼𐎡𐎲𐎼𐎠 !! 𐏐 𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎺𐏁𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎢/𐎼𐎶𐏀𐎭𐎠𐏃
: t-u-m-a-m : [u-b-<r>]-t-a-m : p-r-i-b-r-a !! : ϑ-a-t-i-y : d-a-r-y-v-u-š : x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : v-š-n-a : a-u-/r-m-z-d-a-h
Machine-generated and unreviewedfamily · well-treated · care for · say · Darius · king · will · Ahuramazdā
Audio reading of line 88
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 89 Editorial restoration𐏐 𐎡𐎶 𐏐 𐎮𐎡𐎱𐎡(𐎨)𐎡(𐏂𐎶 𐏐) 𐎫𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎱𐎫𐎡𐏁𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎼𐎡𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐏃 𐏐 𐎢𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎺𐎿𐎫/𐎠𐎹[𐎠]
: i-m : di-i-p-i-(c)-i-(ç-m :) t-y : a-d-m : a-ku-u-n-v-m : p-t-i-š-m : a-r-i-y-a : a-h : u-t-a : p-v-s-t-/a-y-[a]
Machine-generated and unreviewedthis (here) · inscription version · so that · I · do · add, supplement? · Iranian · be · and · skin
Audio reading of line 89
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 90 DamagedEditorial restoration𐏐 𐎢𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎨𐎼𐎶𐎠 𐏐 𐎥𐎼[𐎳𐎫𐎶] 𐏐 (𐎠𐏃) 𐏐 [𐎱𐎫]𐎡𐏁𐎶[𐎨]𐎡𐎹 𐏐 [𐎴𐎠𐎶𐎴𐎠]𐎳𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎱[𐎫]𐎡𐏁[𐎶 𐏐 𐎢]𐎺𐎠𐎭𐎠/[𐎫𐎶]
: u-t-a : c-r-m-a : g-r-[f-t-m] : (a-h) : [p-t]-i-š-m-[c]-i-y : [n-a-m-n-a]-f-m : a-ku-u-n-v-m : p-[t]-i-š-[m : u]-v-a-d-a-/[t-m]
Machine-generated and unreviewedand · leather, parchment · inscribe? · be · add, supplement? · clan name · do · add, supplement? · descent
Audio reading of line 90
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 91 Editorial restoration𐏐 [𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴]𐎺[𐎶] 𐏐 𐎢𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎴𐎡𐎹𐎱𐎡[𐎰]𐎡[𐎹 𐏐 𐎢]𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎫𐎡𐎹𐎳𐎼𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎱𐎡𐏁𐎡𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎶𐎠[𐎶] 𐏐 𐎱𐎿𐎠[𐎺] 𐏐 𐎡𐎶 𐏐 𐎮/𐎡𐎱𐎡(𐎨𐎡𐏂)𐎶
: [a-ku-u-n]-v-[m] : u-t-a : n-i-y-p-i-[ϑ]-i-[y : u]-t-a : p-t-i-y-f-r-ϑ-i-y : p-i-š-i-y-a : m-a-[m] : p-s-a-[v] : i-m : di-/i-p-i-(c-i-ç)-m
Machine-generated and unrevieweddo · and · write down · and · read · before · me, mine · after · this (here) · inscription version
Audio reading of line 91
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.
Line 92 Editorial restoration𐏐 𐎳[𐎼]𐎠𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎻𐎡[𐎿]𐎱𐎭𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎫𐎼 𐏐 𐎭𐏃𐎹𐎠[𐎺] 𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼 𐏐 𐏃𐎶𐎠[𐎫]𐎧𐏁𐎫𐎠
: f-[r]-a-s-t-a-y-m : vi-i-[s]-p-d-a : a-t-r : d-h-y-a-[v] : k-a-r : h-m-a-[t]-x-š-t-a
Machine-generated and unreviewedsend out, publish · to everywhere · in · land · people · cooperate
Audio reading of line 92
Synthetic, approximate readingMissing or unreadable parts use a sound cue and an English announcement; reconstructed readings are also announced in English. Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review.
Download audioHaman-Ava rights
Listening guide
This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:
- A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
- The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
- Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.
Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.
Haman-Ava | Intelligent text reading system
This audio file was produced using Haman-Ava, the proprietary AI-based audio production system of Arya Haman Mehr Parseh Knowledge-Based Company.
Any use of this audio file requires prior coordination via the following email address:
Text source, rights and permission
The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.
TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.