Machine-generated and unreviewed
𐎧𐏁𐎨𐎶
Attested in Old Persian

empire

Lemma
xšaça-
Transliteration
x-š-ç-m
Transcription
xšaçam

Audio reading

3 readings

An approximate machine-generated reading based on the entry’s transcription; scholarly review is needed.

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Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

  • A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
  • The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
  • Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

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Reading and evidence

Evidence note

Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for xšaçam; English gloss: empire.

Writing system

Sign analysis

  1. 𐎧 xa Phonogram
  2. 𐏁 ša Phonogram
  3. 𐎨 ča Phonogram
  4. 𐎶 ma Phonogram
Corpus connection

Attested uses in inscription lines

31 occurrences
DPh · 4100% confidence

𐏐 𐏋 𐏐 𐎡𐎶 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎶 𐏐 𐎫𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹/𐎠𐎷𐎡𐎹

: XŠ : i-m : x-š-ç-m : t-y : a-d-m : d-a-r-y-/a-mi-i-yToken span 6–6 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DSf · 10100% confidence

𐏐] 𐎶𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐏋𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐏃𐎢𐎶𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎡𐎶 𐏐 𐎧𐏁/[𐏂𐎶]

:] m-a-m : XŠ-y-m : a-ku-u-n-u-š : h-u-m-i-y : i-m : x-š-/[ç-m]Token span 12–12 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DSm · 3100% confidence

𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 [𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐏋 𐏐 𐏈𐎶𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎶 𐏐 𐎳𐎼𐎠𐎲𐎼 𐏐]

ϑ-a-t-i-y [: d-a-r-y-v-u-š : XŠ : AM-m-i-y : x-š-ç-m : f-r-a-b-r :]Token span 9–9 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DSp · 2100% confidence

𐏐] 𐏋𐎹[𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎠 𐏐 𐏃𐎢𐏁𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎶 𐏐 𐎳𐎼𐎠𐎲𐎼 𐏐 𐎫𐎹 𐏐 𐎴𐎡]/[𐎲𐎶

:] XŠ-y-[m : a-d-a : h-u-š-i-y : x-š-ç-m : f-r-a-b-r : t-y : n-i]-/[b-mToken span 8–8 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DZc · 3100% confidence

𐏐 𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐎶 𐏐 𐏋𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢[𐎴𐎢]𐏁 𐏐 𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎭[𐎠]𐎼𐎹𐎺𐏃𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐏋𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐏂/𐎶

: h-y : d-a-r-y-v-u-m : XŠ-y-m : a-ku-u-[n-u]-š : h-y : d-[a]-r-y-v-h-u-š : XŠ-y-a : x-š-ç-/mToken span 16–16 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DH · 3100% confidence

𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐏋 𐏐 𐎡𐎶 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎶 𐏐 𐎫𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎭/𐎶

ϑ-a-t-i-y : d-a-r-y-v-u-š : XŠ : i-m : x-š-ç-m : t-y : a-d-/mToken span 9–9 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
3.17. · 19100% confidence

𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎶 𐏐 𐎶𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎢𐎶𐎠𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎳𐎼𐎠𐎲𐎼

: x-š-ç-m : m-n-a : t-u-m-a-y-a : f-r-a-b-rToken span 2–2 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
XPa · 19100% confidence

𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎶 𐏐 𐎢𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹 𐏐 𐎶𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎣𐎼𐎫𐎶 𐏐 𐎢𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎶𐎡/𐎹

: x-š-ç-m : u-t-a : t-y : m-n-a : k-r-t-m : u-t-a : t-y-m-i-/yToken span 2–2 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
XPb · 29100% confidence

𐏐 𐎢𐎫𐎠𐎶𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐏂/𐎶

: u-t-a-m-i-y : x-š-ç-/mToken span 4–4 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
XPd · 19100% confidence

𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎶 𐏐 𐎢𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎶𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎣𐎼𐎫𐎶

: x-š-ç-m : u-t-a : t-y-m-i-y : k-r-t-mToken span 2–2 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
XPf · 46100% confidence

𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎶 𐏐 𐎢𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹 𐏐 𐎶𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎣𐎼/𐎫𐎶

: x-š-ç-m : u-t-a : t-y : m-n-a : k-r-/t-mToken span 2–2 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
XPg · 14100% confidence

𐏐 𐎢𐎫𐎶𐎡𐎹 [𐏐] 𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎶

: u-t-m-i-y [:] x-š-ç-mToken span 4–4 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
Scholarly traceability

Citations and attestation locations

ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DB (Q007134) · Q007134.13.11

Documented dictionary attestation in DB (Q007134), Q007134.13.11.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DHa (Q007148) · Q007148.3.11

Documented dictionary attestation in DHa (Q007148), Q007148.3.11.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DPd (Q007160) · Q007160.3.7

Documented dictionary attestation in DPd (Q007160), Q007160.3.7.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DPh (Q007164) · Q007164.4.6

Documented dictionary attestation in DPh (Q007164), Q007164.4.6.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DSf (Q007172) · Q007172.10.13

Documented dictionary attestation in DSf (Q007172), Q007172.10.13.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DZc (Q007194) · Q007194.3.17

Documented dictionary attestation in DZc (Q007194), Q007194.3.17.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

XPa (Q007209) · Q007209.19.3

Documented dictionary attestation in XPa (Q007209), Q007209.19.3.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

XPb (Q007210) · Q007210.29.5

Documented dictionary attestation in XPb (Q007210), Q007210.29.5.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

XPd (Q007212) · Q007212.19.3

Documented dictionary attestation in XPd (Q007212), Q007212.19.3.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

XPf (Q007214) · Q007214.46.3

Documented dictionary attestation in XPf (Q007214), Q007214.46.3.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

XPg (Q007215) · Q007215.14.5

Documented dictionary attestation in XPg (Q007215), Q007215.14.5.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

XSc (Q007230) · Q007230.5.11

Documented dictionary attestation in XSc (Q007230), Q007230.5.11.View source