Machine-generated and unreviewed
𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹
Attested in Old Persian

king

Lemma
xšāyaθiya-
Transliteration
x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y
Transcription
xšāyaϑiya

Audio reading

3 readings

An approximate machine-generated reading based on the entry’s transcription; scholarly review is needed.

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Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

  • A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
  • The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
  • Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

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Reading and evidence

Evidence note

Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for xšāyaθiya; English gloss: king.

Writing system

Sign analysis

  1. 𐎧 xa Phonogram
  2. 𐏁 ša Phonogram
  3. 𐎠 a Phonogram
  4. 𐎹 ya Phonogram
  5. 𐎰 ϑa Phonogram
  6. 𐎡 i Phonogram
  7. 𐎹 ya Phonogram
Corpus connection

Attested uses in inscription lines

456 occurrences
3.17. · 7-10100% confidence

𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐏋 𐏐 𐎺𐏀𐎼𐎣 𐏐 𐏋 𐏐 𐏋𐎠𐎴𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐏋 𐏐 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐏋 𐏐 𐎭𐏃[𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠𐎶 𐏐] 𐎻𐏁𐎫𐎠𐎿𐎱𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐏂 𐏐 𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠𐎶𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎴𐎱𐎠 𐏐 𐏃𐎧𐎠𐎶𐎴𐎡𐏁𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹

: a-d-m : d-a-r-y-v-u-š : XŠ : v-z-r-k : XŠ : XŠ-a-n-a-m : XŠ : p-a-r-s-i-y : XŠ : d-h-[y-u-n-a-m :] vi-š-t-a-s-p-h-y-a : p-u-ç : a-r-š-a-m-h-y-a : n-p-a : h-x-a-m-n-i-š-i-y : ϑ-a-t-i-yToken span 18–18 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
3.17. · 11-16100% confidence

𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐏋 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐏃𐎹𐎼𐎠𐎮𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎺𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐏃𐎧𐎠𐎶𐎴𐎡𐏁𐎡𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎰𐏃𐎹𐎠𐎶𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐏃𐎨𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎽𐎢𐎻𐎡𐎹𐎫 𐏐 𐎠𐎶𐎠𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎶𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐏒𐏒𐏒𐏒 𐏐 𐎶𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎢𐎶𐎠𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎱𐎽𐎢𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐏋 𐏐 𐎠𐏃 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎴𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐏒𐏒𐏒𐏒𐏑 𐏐 𐎯𐎢𐎻𐎡𐎫𐎠𐎱𐎼𐎴𐎶 𐏐 𐎺𐎹𐎶 𐏐

: d-a-r-y-v-u-š : XŠ : a-v-h-y-r-a-di-i-y : v-y-m : h-x-a-m-n-i-š-i-y-a : ϑ-h-y-a-m-h-y : h-c-a : p-ru-u-vi-i-y-t : a-m-a-t-a : a-m-h-y : 2-2-2-2 : m-n-a : t-u-m-a-y-a : t-y-i-y : p-ru-u-v-m : XŠ : a-h : a-d-m : n-v-m : 2-2-2-2-1 : du-u-vi-i-t-a-p-r-n-m : v-y-m :Token span 4–4 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
3.17. · 11-16100% confidence

𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐏋 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐏃𐎹𐎼𐎠𐎮𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎺𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐏃𐎧𐎠𐎶𐎴𐎡𐏁𐎡𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎰𐏃𐎹𐎠𐎶𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐏃𐎨𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎽𐎢𐎻𐎡𐎹𐎫 𐏐 𐎠𐎶𐎠𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎶𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐏒𐏒𐏒𐏒 𐏐 𐎶𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎢𐎶𐎠𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎱𐎽𐎢𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐏋 𐏐 𐎠𐏃 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎴𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐏒𐏒𐏒𐏒𐏑 𐏐 𐎯𐎢𐎻𐎡𐎫𐎠𐎱𐎼𐎴𐎶 𐏐 𐎺𐎹𐎶 𐏐

: d-a-r-y-v-u-š : XŠ : a-v-h-y-r-a-di-i-y : v-y-m : h-x-a-m-n-i-š-i-y-a : ϑ-h-y-a-m-h-y : h-c-a : p-ru-u-vi-i-y-t : a-m-a-t-a : a-m-h-y : 2-2-2-2 : m-n-a : t-u-m-a-y-a : t-y-i-y : p-ru-u-v-m : XŠ : a-h : a-d-m : n-v-m : 2-2-2-2-1 : du-u-vi-i-t-a-p-r-n-m : v-y-m :Token span 32–32 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
3.17. · 17100% confidence

𐏐 𐏋 𐏐 𐎺𐏁𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎢𐎼𐎶𐏀𐎭𐎠𐏃 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶

: XŠ : v-š-n-a : a-u-r-m-z-d-a-h : a-d-mToken span 2–2 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
3.17. · 18100% confidence

𐏐 𐎠𐎷𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐏋 𐏐 𐎭𐏃𐎹𐎠𐎺 𐏐 𐏔𐏒𐏑 𐏐 𐎠𐎢𐎼𐎺𐏀𐎭/𐎠

: a-mi-i-y : XŠ : d-h-y-a-v : 20-2-1 : a-u-r-v-z-d-/aToken span 4–4 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
XPa · 6100% confidence

𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎺𐏀𐎼𐎣 𐏐

: a-d-m : x-š-y-a-r-š-a : x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : v-z-r-k :Token span 6–6 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
XPa · 7100% confidence

𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹𐎠𐎴𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐏃𐎹/𐎢𐎴𐎠𐎶

x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y-a-n-a-m : x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : d-h-y-/u-n-a-mToken span 1–1 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
XPa · 7100% confidence

𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹𐎠𐎴𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐏃𐎹/𐎢𐎴𐎠𐎶

x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y-a-n-a-m : x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : d-h-y-/u-n-a-mToken span 5–5 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
XPa · 8100% confidence

𐏐 𐎱𐎽𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐏀𐎴𐎠𐎴𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐏃𐎹𐎠𐎹/𐎠

: p-ru-u-v : z-n-a-n-a-m : x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : a-h-y-a-y-/aToken span 6–6 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
XPa · 11100% confidence

𐏐 𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎺𐏁𐎴𐎠 𐏐

: ϑ-a-t-i-y : x-š-y-a-r-š-a : x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : v-š-n-a :Token span 6–6 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
XPa · 18100% confidence

𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎶𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎢𐎼𐎶𐏀𐎭𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎠𐎬𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐎢𐎫𐎶𐎡/𐎹

x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : m-a-m : a-u-r-m-z-d-a : p-a-tu-u-v : u-t-m-i-/yToken span 1–1 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
XPb · 12100% confidence

𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐

: x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y :Token span 2–2 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
Scholarly traceability

Citations and attestation locations

Old Iranian Online: Old Persian LessonsScott L. Harvey, Winfred P. Lehmann & Jonathan Slocum

DB I; DNa · DB I §27; DNa lines 8–10

Documented dictionary attestation in DB I; DNa, DB I §27; DNa lines 8–10.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

AmHa (Q007129) · Q007129.1.3

Documented dictionary attestation in AmHa (Q007129), Q007129.1.3.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

AsHa (Q007130) · Q007130.1.3

Documented dictionary attestation in AsHa (Q007130), Q007130.1.3.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

CMa (Q007131) · Q007131.1.5

Documented dictionary attestation in CMa (Q007131), Q007131.1.5.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

CMb (Q007132) · Q007132.1.3

Documented dictionary attestation in CMb (Q007132), Q007132.1.3.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DB (Q007134) · Q007134.10.5

Documented dictionary attestation in DB (Q007134), Q007134.10.5.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DBa (Q007135) · Q007135.1.10

Documented dictionary attestation in DBa (Q007135), Q007135.1.10.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DBb (Q007136) · Q007136.6.7

Documented dictionary attestation in DBb (Q007136), Q007136.6.7.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DBc (Q007137) · Q007137.6.3

Documented dictionary attestation in DBc (Q007137), Q007137.6.3.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DBd (Q007138) · Q007138.6.7

Documented dictionary attestation in DBd (Q007138), Q007138.6.7.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DBe (Q007139) · Q007139.9.2

Documented dictionary attestation in DBe (Q007139), Q007139.9.2.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DBf (Q007140) · Q007140.5.5

Documented dictionary attestation in DBf (Q007140), Q007140.5.5.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DBg (Q007141) · Q007141.6.1

Documented dictionary attestation in DBg (Q007141), Q007141.6.1.View source