Machine-generated and unreviewed
𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹
Attested in Old Persian

king

Lemma
xšāyaθiya-
Transliteration
x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y
Transcription
xšāyaϑiya

Audio reading

3 readings

An approximate machine-generated reading based on the entry’s transcription; scholarly review is needed.

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Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

  • A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
  • The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
  • Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

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Reading and evidence

Evidence note

Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for xšāyaθiya; English gloss: king.

Writing system

Sign analysis

  1. 𐎧 xa Phonogram
  2. 𐏁 ša Phonogram
  3. 𐎠 a Phonogram
  4. 𐎹 ya Phonogram
  5. 𐎰 ϑa Phonogram
  6. 𐎡 i Phonogram
  7. 𐎹 ya Phonogram
Corpus connection

Attested uses in inscription lines

456 occurrences
DB4. · 17100% confidence

𐏐 𐎠𐎷𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎢𐎺𐎩𐎡[𐎹 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹]𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐏃𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐎢𐎺𐎩𐎶 𐏐 𐏃𐎷𐎡𐏂𐎡𐎹/𐎶

: a-mi-i-y : u-v-j-i-[y : x-š-a-y]-ϑ-i-y : h-u-v : u-v-j-m : h-mi-i-ç-i-y-/mToken span 6–6 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB4. · 21100% confidence

𐏐 𐏃𐎢𐎺 (𐏐 𐎠𐎯)[𐎢]𐎽𐎢𐎪𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎰𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎰𐏃 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰/𐎡𐎹

: h-u-v (: a-du)-[u]-ru-u-ji-i-y : a-v-ϑ-a : a-ϑ-h : a-d-m : x-š-a-y-ϑ-/i-yToken span 12–12 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB4. · 25100% confidence

𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠[𐎷𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎶𐎼]𐎥𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐏃𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐎶𐎼𐎦𐎢𐎶 𐏐 𐏃𐎷𐎡𐏂𐎡/𐎹𐎶

x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : a-[mi-i-y : m-r]-g-u-v : h-u-v : m-r-gu-u-m : h-mi-i-ç-i-/y-mToken span 1–1 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB4. · 31100% confidence

𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎢𐏁 !! 𐏐 𐎰𐎠[𐎫]𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎡𐎶𐎡𐎹 𐏐

: a-ku-u-n-u-š !! : ϑ-a-[t]-i-y : d-a-r-y-v-u-š : x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : i-m-i-y :Token span 8–8 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB4. · 33100% confidence

! 𐏐 𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢[𐏁 𐏐 𐎧𐏁]𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐏃𐎹𐎠𐎺 𐏐 𐎡𐎶𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐏃𐎷𐎡𐏂𐎡𐎹/𐎠

! : ϑ-a-t-i-y : d-a-r-y-v-u-[š : x-š]-a-y-ϑ-i-y : d-h-y-a-v : i-m-a : t-y-a : h-mi-i-ç-i-y-/aToken span 6–6 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB4. · 36100% confidence

𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎰𐎠𐎮𐎡[𐏁 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎺𐎶] !! 𐏐 𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡/𐎹

: a-v-ϑ-a-di-i-[š : a-ku-u-n-v-m] !! : ϑ-a-t-i-y : d-a-r-y-v-u-š : x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-/yToken span 10–10 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB4. · 37100% confidence

𐏐 𐎬𐎢𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎣𐎠 𐏐 𐎧[𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐏃]𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎱𐎼𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐏃𐎨𐎠 𐏐 𐎭𐎼𐎢𐎥𐎠 𐏐 𐎭𐎼𐏁𐎶 𐏐

: tu-u-v-m : k-a : x-[š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : h]-y : a-p-r-m : a-h-y : h-c-a : d-r-u-g-a : d-r-š-m :Token span 6–6 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB4. · 40100% confidence

!! 𐏐 𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐎠[𐎼𐎹]𐎺𐎢[𐏁] 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎡𐎶 𐏐 𐎫𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎺𐎶 𐏐

!! : ϑ-a-t-i-y : d-a-[r-y]-v-u-[š] : x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : i-m : t-y : a-d-m : a-ku-u-n-v-m :Token span 6–6 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB4. · 43100% confidence

𐏐 𐎰𐎢𐎺𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎶𐎠𐎫𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐎼[𐎢𐎥]𐎶 𐏐 𐎶𐎴𐎡𐎹𐎠𐏃𐎹 !! 𐏐 𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠/𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹

: ϑ-u-v-a-m : m-a-t-y : d-r-[u-g]-m : m-n-i-y-a-h-y !! : ϑ-a-t-i-y : d-a-r-y-v-u-š : x-š-a-/y-ϑ-i-yToken span 14–14 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB4. · 45100% confidence

𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴[𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐏃𐎶]𐏃𐎹𐎠𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎰𐎼𐎭 !! 𐏐 𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹/𐎰𐎡𐎹

: a-d-m : a-ku-u-n-[v-m : h-m]-h-y-a-y-a : ϑ-r-d !! : ϑ-a-t-i-y : d-a-r-y-v-u-š : x-š-a-y-/ϑ-i-yToken span 14–14 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB4. · 50100% confidence

𐏐 𐎶𐎴𐎡𐎹𐎠[𐎫𐎡𐎹] !! 𐏐 𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎡𐎹

: m-n-i-y-a-[t-i-y] !! : ϑ-a-t-i-y : d-a-r-y-v-u-š : x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : t-y-i-yToken span 8–8 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB4. · 53100% confidence

𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐎧[𐏁𐎠]𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎵𐎢𐎼𐎶 𐏐 𐎰𐎢𐎺𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎺𐎼𐎴𐎺𐎫𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎫𐎹 𐏐 𐎶𐎴/𐎠

: d-a-r-y-v-u-š : x-[š-a]-y-ϑ-i-y : nu-u-r-m : ϑ-u-v-a-m : v-r-n-v-t-a-m : t-y : m-n-/aToken span 4–4 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
Scholarly traceability

Citations and attestation locations

Old Iranian Online: Old Persian LessonsScott L. Harvey, Winfred P. Lehmann & Jonathan Slocum

DB I; DNa · DB I §27; DNa lines 8–10

Documented dictionary attestation in DB I; DNa, DB I §27; DNa lines 8–10.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

AmHa (Q007129) · Q007129.1.3

Documented dictionary attestation in AmHa (Q007129), Q007129.1.3.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

AsHa (Q007130) · Q007130.1.3

Documented dictionary attestation in AsHa (Q007130), Q007130.1.3.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

CMa (Q007131) · Q007131.1.5

Documented dictionary attestation in CMa (Q007131), Q007131.1.5.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

CMb (Q007132) · Q007132.1.3

Documented dictionary attestation in CMb (Q007132), Q007132.1.3.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DB (Q007134) · Q007134.10.5

Documented dictionary attestation in DB (Q007134), Q007134.10.5.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DBa (Q007135) · Q007135.1.10

Documented dictionary attestation in DBa (Q007135), Q007135.1.10.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DBb (Q007136) · Q007136.6.7

Documented dictionary attestation in DBb (Q007136), Q007136.6.7.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DBc (Q007137) · Q007137.6.3

Documented dictionary attestation in DBc (Q007137), Q007137.6.3.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DBd (Q007138) · Q007138.6.7

Documented dictionary attestation in DBd (Q007138), Q007138.6.7.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DBe (Q007139) · Q007139.9.2

Documented dictionary attestation in DBe (Q007139), Q007139.9.2.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DBf (Q007140) · Q007140.5.5

Documented dictionary attestation in DBf (Q007140), Q007140.5.5.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DBg (Q007141) · Q007141.6.1

Documented dictionary attestation in DBg (Q007141), Q007141.6.1.View source