Machine-generated and unreviewed

𐎿𐎣𐎠

Attested in Old Persian

Scythian

Lemma: Saka
Transliteration: s-k-a
Transcription: Sakā

Audio reading

3 readings

An approximate machine-generated reading based on the entry’s transcription; scholarly review is needed.

Haman-Ava rights

Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

TITUS data is used in this system for educational, research and non-commercial purposes with written permission from the TITUS project. Coordination with the company does not replace any permissions required from the rights holders of the original sources.

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Reading and evidence

Evidence note

Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for Sakā; English gloss: Scythian.

Writing system

Sign analysis

Corpus connection

Attested uses in inscription lines

15 occurrences

A.2P · 14100% confidence

𐎡𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎿𐎣𐎠 𐏐 𐏃𐎢𐎶𐎺𐎼𐎥𐎠 𐏐

i-y-m : s-k-a : h-u-m-v-r-g-<1>-a :Token span 3–3 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context

A.2P · 15100% confidence

𐎡𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎿𐎣𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎡𐎥𐎼𐎧[𐎢𐎭]𐎠 𐏐

i-y-m : s-k-a : t-i-g-r-x-[u-d]-a :Token span 3–3 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context

A.2P · 24100% confidence

𐎡𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎿𐎣𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎼𐎭𐎼𐎡𐎹 𐏐

i-y-m : s-k-a : p-r-d-r-i-y :Token span 3–3 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context

Scholarly traceability

Citations and attestation locations

ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DB (Q007134) · Q007134.405.5

Documented dictionary attestation in DB (Q007134), Q007134.405.5.View source

ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DNa (Q007152) · Q007152.25.5

Documented dictionary attestation in DNa (Q007152), Q007152.25.5.View source

ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DNe (Q007156) · Q007156.15.3

Documented dictionary attestation in DNe (Q007156), Q007156.15.3.View source

ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DPe (Q007161) · Q007161.18.5

Documented dictionary attestation in DPe (Q007161), Q007161.18.5.View source

ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DSe (Q007171) · Q007171.24.7

Documented dictionary attestation in DSe (Q007171), Q007171.24.7.View source

ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

XPh (Q007216) · Q007216.26.5

Documented dictionary attestation in XPh (Q007216), Q007216.26.5.View source

ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

A²/³Pa (Q007280) · Q007280.14.3

Documented dictionary attestation in A²/³Pa (Q007280), Q007280.14.3.View source

ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

A³Sa (Q007282) · Q007282.14.3

Documented dictionary attestation in A³Sa (Q007282), Q007282.14.3.View source

Source and permission for use

TITUS Old Persian corpus

This tool is developed by Persian Dej and uses Old Persian linguistic data available in the TITUS Old Persian Corpus, affiliated with the TITUS Project at Goethe University Frankfurt, as one of its scholarly and linguistic sources.

Use of TITUS data in this tool for educational, research, and non-commercial purposes is made with the written permission of the TITUS Project.

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Old Persian linguistic data sourced in part from the TITUS Old Persian Corpus, TITUS Project, Goethe University Frankfurt. Used with written permission of the TITUS Project.

Scholarly evidence chain and method of use

The TITUS corpus is based on editions by Roland G. Kent, Manfred Mayrhofer, and Rüdiger Schmitt; data entry was completed by S. Gindro, S. Scarlata, and P. Widmer under the supervision of G. E. Dunkel; G. Keydana and J. Gippert provided additions and improvements; A. Sarhadi and M. Esnaashari added the transcription text and cuneiform-to-Unicode conversion; and J. Gippert, J. Martínez García, and M. Esnaashari prepared the TITUS version.

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View the official TITUS corpus Methodology and scholarly limitations