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Explore Old Persian cuneiform in both directions.

Find Old Persian cuneiform by English dictionary meaning or scientific transliteration, or read cuneiform with an English gloss. Historical results are limited to documented evidence.

Word or complete phrase Enter scientific Latin transliteration using characters such as ā, ī, ū, š, θ, and ç. 27 / 200 characters

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Scientific characters

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Script, transliteration, and gloss

Attested in Old Persian

𐏐 𐎠𐎱𐎫𐎼𐎶 𐏐 𐏃𐎨𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶𐏁𐎠𐎶 𐏐

a-p-t-r-m : h-c-a : p-a-r-s-a : a-d-m-š-a-m

Attested line fragment; literal gloss: further away · unknown (hacā) · Persia · I

Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for apataram hacā Pārsā adamšām; English gloss: Attested line fragment; literal gloss: further away · unknown (hacā) · Persia · I.

Exact dictionary entry match 2 documented occurrences in the active release Dictionary entry

Translation and review status

Dictionary entry gloss

Curated dictionary entry

Joined reading
Unresolved words: None

Attested line fragment; literal gloss: further away · unknown (hacā) · Persia · I

Confidence
Rule version

Documented attestations in ancient inscriptions

Darius I, Naqsh-e Rostam (DNa)DNa, 18, DNa 18Confidence 70%
Xerxes I, Persepolis (XPh)XPh, 16, XPh 16Confidence 70%

Explore Old Persian cuneiform in both directions.

Documented attestations in ancient inscriptions

Sign analysis