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Explore Old Persian cuneiform in both directions.

Find Old Persian cuneiform by English dictionary meaning or scientific transliteration, or read cuneiform with an English gloss. Historical results are limited to documented evidence.

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Scientific characters

Research result

Script, transliteration, and gloss

Attested in Old Persian

𐎠𐎹𐎢𐎭

a-y-u-d

be in turmoil

Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for ayau̯da; English gloss: be in turmoil.

Exact dictionary entry match 2 documented occurrences in the active release Dictionary entry
Translation and review status

Dictionary entry gloss

Curated dictionary entry
Unresolved words
None

be in turmoil

Documented attestations in ancient inscriptions

Sign analysis

  1. 𐎠aPhonogram
  2. 𐎹yaPhonogram
  3. 𐎢uPhonogram
  4. 𐎭daPhonogram
Corpus release: 2026-08-15Parser: titus-html-v2.0.0Source hash: b9b9284386e8ad0489cabc25ec9f186dad5830b53f51ff3a562dcc90dffec5f7