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Explore Old Persian cuneiform in both directions.

Find Old Persian cuneiform by English dictionary meaning or scientific transliteration, or read cuneiform with an English gloss. Historical results are limited to documented evidence.

Word or complete phrase Enter scientific Latin transliteration using characters such as ā, ī, ū, š, θ, and ç. 24 / 200 characters

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Scientific characters

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Script, transliteration, and gloss

Attested in Old Persian

𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹𐎶

h-y : x-š-y-a-r-š-a-m : x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y-m

Attested line fragment; literal gloss: who · Xerxes I, king of Persia · king

Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for hya Xšayāršām xšāyaθiyam; English gloss: Attested line fragment; literal gloss: who · Xerxes I, king of Persia · king.

Exact dictionary entry match 4 documented occurrences in the active release Dictionary entry

Translation and review status

Dictionary entry gloss

Curated dictionary entry

Joined reading
Unresolved words: None

Attested line fragment; literal gloss: who · Xerxes I, king of Persia · king

Confidence
Rule version

Documented attestations in ancient inscriptions

Xerxes I, Persepolis (XPb)XPb, 7, XPb 7Confidence 70%
Xerxes I, Persepolis (XPd)XPd, 5, XPd 5Confidence 70%
Xerxes I, Persepolis (XPf)XPf, 5, XPf 5Confidence 70%
Xerxes I, Van (XV)XV, 6, XV 6Confidence 70%

Explore Old Persian cuneiform in both directions.

Documented attestations in ancient inscriptions

Sign analysis