Dictionary-led research tool

Explore Old Persian cuneiform in both directions.

Find Old Persian cuneiform by English dictionary meaning or scientific transliteration, or read cuneiform with an English gloss. Historical results are limited to documented evidence.

Word or complete phrase Enter scientific Latin transliteration using characters such as ā, ī, ū, š, θ, and ç. 4 / 200 characters

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Scientific characters

Research result

Script, transliteration, and gloss

Attested in Old Persian

𐎱𐎼

p-r

beyond

Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for para; English gloss: beyond.

Exact dictionary entry match 3 documented occurrences in the active release Dictionary entry

Translation and review status

Dictionary entry gloss

Curated dictionary entry

Joined reading
Unresolved words: None

beyond

Confidence
Rule version

Documented attestations in ancient inscriptions

Darius I, Persepolis (DPe)DPe, 15, DPe 15Confidence 100%
Darius I, Persepolis (DPh)DPh, 5, DPh 5Confidence 100%
Darius I, Hamadan (DH)DH, 4, DH 4Confidence 100%

Explore Old Persian cuneiform in both directions.

Documented attestations in ancient inscriptions

Sign analysis