Dictionary-led research tool

Explore Old Persian cuneiform in both directions.

Find Old Persian cuneiform by English dictionary meaning or scientific transliteration, or read cuneiform with an English gloss. Historical results are limited to documented evidence.

Enter scientific Latin transliteration using characters such as ā, ī, ū, š, θ, and ç. 10 / 200 characters
Transliteration keyboard Tap a key to write in the field above.

Scientific characters

Research result

Script, transliteration, and gloss

Attested in Old Persian
This input matches more than one documented entry or inflected form; choose the intended evidence.

𐎢𐎳𐎼𐏁𐎫𐎶

u-f-r-š-t-m

heavily punished

Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for ufraštam; English gloss: heavily punished.

Exact dictionary entry match 2 documented occurrences in the active release Dictionary entry
Translation and review status

Dictionary entry gloss

Curated dictionary entry
Unresolved words
None

heavily punished

Documented attestations in ancient inscriptions

Sign analysis

  1. 𐎢uPhonogram
  2. 𐎳faPhonogram
  3. 𐎼raPhonogram
  4. 𐏁šaPhonogram
  5. 𐎫taPhonogram
  6. 𐎶maPhonogram
Corpus release: 2026-08-15Parser: titus-html-v2.0.0Source hash: b9b9284386e8ad0489cabc25ec9f186dad5830b53f51ff3a562dcc90dffec5f7