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Explore Old Persian cuneiform in both directions.

Find Old Persian cuneiform by English dictionary meaning or scientific transliteration, or read cuneiform with an English gloss. Historical results are limited to documented evidence.

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Scientific characters

Research result

Script, transliteration, and gloss

Attested in Old Persian

𐎧𐏁𐎨𐎶

x-š-ç-m

empire

Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for xšaçam; English gloss: empire.

Exact dictionary entry match 31 documented occurrences in the active release Dictionary entry
Translation and review status

Dictionary entry gloss

Curated dictionary entry
Unresolved words
None

empire

Documented attestations in ancient inscriptions

Sign analysis

  1. 𐎧xaPhonogram
  2. 𐏁šaPhonogram
  3. 𐎨čaPhonogram
  4. 𐎶maPhonogram
Corpus release: 2026-08-15Parser: titus-html-v2.0.0Source hash: b9b9284386e8ad0489cabc25ec9f186dad5830b53f51ff3a562dcc90dffec5f7