Machine-generated and unreviewed
𐏃𐎷𐎡𐎨𐎡𐎹𐎶
Attested in Old Persian

treacherous

Lemma
hamiçiya
Transliteration
h-mi-i-ç-i-y-m
Transcription
hamiçiyam

Audio reading

3 readings

An approximate machine-generated reading based on the entry’s transcription; scholarly review is needed.

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Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

  • A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
  • The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
  • Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

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Reading and evidence

Evidence note

Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for hamiçiyam; English gloss: treacherous.

Writing system

Sign analysis

  1. 𐏃 ha Phonogram
  2. 𐎷 mi Phonogram
  3. 𐎡 i Phonogram
  4. 𐎨 ča Phonogram
  5. 𐎡 i Phonogram
  6. 𐎹 ya Phonogram
  7. 𐎶 ma Phonogram
Corpus connection

Attested uses in inscription lines

49 occurrences
DB3. · 68100% confidence

𐏐 𐏃𐎷𐎡𐏂𐎡𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎩 𐏐 𐎺𐎿𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎻𐎡𐎹𐎧𐎴𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎶𐎠𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐏒𐏒𐏒𐏑 𐏐 𐎼𐎢𐎨𐎲𐎡𐏁 𐏐 𐎰𐎣𐎫𐎠 𐏐

: h-mi-i-ç-i-y-m : a-j : v-s-i-y : vi-i-y-x-n-h-y : m-a-h-y-a : 2-2-2-1 : r-u-c-b-i-š : ϑ-k-t-a :Token span 2–2 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB4. · 9100% confidence

𐎲𐎼𐎮𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎷𐎡𐎹 [𐏐 𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎤𐎢]𐎼𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐏂 𐏐 𐏃𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿𐎶 𐏐 𐏃/𐎷𐎡𐏂𐎡𐎹𐎶

b-r-di-i-y : a-mi-i-y [: h-y : ku-u]-r-u-š : p-u-ç : h-u-v : p-a-r-s-m : h-/mi-i-ç-i-y-mToken span 15–15 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB4. · 12100% confidence

𐏐 𐏃𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐎢𐎺𐎩𐎶 𐏐 𐏃[𐎷𐎡𐏂𐎡𐎹]𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐏑 𐎴𐎡𐎮𐎡𐎫𐎲𐎡𐎼 𐏐 𐎴/𐎠𐎶

: h-u-v : u-v-j-m : h-[mi-i-ç-i-y]-m : a-ku-u-n-u-š : 1 n-i-di-i-t-b-i-r : n-/a-mToken span 6–6 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB4. · 15100% confidence

𐏃𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎽𐎢𐎶 [𐏐 𐏃𐎷𐎡]𐏂𐎡𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐏑 𐎶𐎼𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎴𐎠/𐎶

h-u-v : b-a-b-i-ru-u-m [: h-mi-i]-ç-i-y-m : a-ku-u-n-u-š : 1 m-r-t-i-y : n-a-/mToken span 5–5 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB4. · 17100% confidence

𐏐 𐎠𐎷𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎢𐎺𐎩𐎡[𐎹 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹]𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐏃𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐎢𐎺𐎩𐎶 𐏐 𐏃𐎷𐎡𐏂𐎡𐎹/𐎶

: a-mi-i-y : u-v-j-i-[y : x-š-a-y]-ϑ-i-y : h-u-v : u-v-j-m : h-mi-i-ç-i-y-/mToken span 12–12 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB4. · 20100% confidence

𐏐 𐏃𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐎶𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 [𐏃𐎷𐎡𐏂𐎡𐎹𐎶] 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐏑 𐎨𐎡𐏂𐎫𐎧𐎶 𐏐 𐎴𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎿/𐎥𐎼𐎫𐎡𐎹

: h-u-v : m-a-d-m : [h-mi-i-ç-i-y-m] : a-ku-u-n-u-š : 1 c-i-ç-t-x-m : n-a-m : a-s-/g-r-t-i-yToken span 6–6 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB4. · 23100% confidence

𐏐 𐎠𐎿𐎥𐎼𐎫𐎶 𐏐 𐏃𐎷𐎡𐏂𐎡[𐎹𐎶] 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐏑 𐎳𐎼𐎠𐎭 𐏐 𐎴𐎠𐎶 𐏐

: a-s-g-r-t-m : h-mi-i-ç-i-[y-m] : a-ku-u-n-u-š : 1 f-r-a-d : n-a-m :Token span 4–4 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB4. · 25100% confidence

𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠[𐎷𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎶𐎼]𐎥𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐏃𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐎶𐎼𐎦𐎢𐎶 𐏐 𐏃𐎷𐎡𐏂𐎡/𐎹𐎶

x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : a-[mi-i-y : m-r]-g-u-v : h-u-v : m-r-gu-u-m : h-mi-i-ç-i-/y-mToken span 11–11 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB4. · 28100% confidence

𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐏂 𐏐 𐏃[𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐎱𐎠𐎼]𐎿𐎶 𐏐 𐏃𐎷𐎡𐏂𐎡𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎢𐏁 𐏑 𐎠𐎼/𐎧

: p-u-ç : h-[u-v : p-a-r]-s-m : h-mi-i-ç-i-y-m : a-ku-u-n-u-š 1 a-r-/xToken span 8–8 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB4. · 30100% confidence

𐏐 𐎠𐎷𐎡𐎹 [𐏐 𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎴𐎲𐎢]𐎴𐎡𐎫𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐏂 𐏐 𐏃𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎽𐎢𐎶 𐏐 𐏃𐎷/𐎡𐏂𐎡𐎹𐎶

: a-mi-i-y [: h-y : n-b-u]-n-i-t-h-y : p-u-ç : h-u-v : b-a-b-i-ru-u-m : h-mi-/i-ç-i-y-mToken span 14–14 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DNb · 36100% confidence

𐎺[𐎡]𐎴𐎠𐎷𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐏃𐎷𐎡𐏂𐎡𐎹!𐎶 𐏐 𐎹𐎨𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎴𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎺𐎡𐎴𐎠/𐎷𐎡𐎹

v-[i]-n-a-mi-i-y : h-mi-i-ç-i-y-!-m : y-c-i-y : n-i-y : v-i-n-a-/mi-i-yToken span 3–3 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DNb · 39100% confidence

𐏐 𐎺𐎡𐎴𐎠𐎷𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐏃𐎷𐎡𐏂𐎡𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎹𐎰𐎠 𐏐 𐎹𐎮𐎡𐎹 𐏐

: v-i-n-a-mi-i-y : h-mi-i-ç-i-y-m : y-ϑ-a : y-di-i-y :Token span 4–4 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
Scholarly traceability

Citations and attestation locations

ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DB (Q007134) · Q007134.104.19

Documented dictionary attestation in DB (Q007134), Q007134.104.19.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DNb (Q007153) · Q007153.36.3

Documented dictionary attestation in DNb (Q007153), Q007153.36.3.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

XPl (Q007220) · Q007220.40.4

Documented dictionary attestation in XPl (Q007220), Q007220.40.4.View source