Machine-generated and unreviewed
𐎣𐎠𐎼𐎶
Attested in Old Persian

people

Lemma
kāra-
Transliteration
k-a-r-m
Transcription
kāram

Audio reading

3 readings

An approximate machine-generated reading based on the entry’s transcription; scholarly review is needed.

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Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

  • A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
  • The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
  • Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

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Reading and evidence

Evidence note

Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for kāram; English gloss: people.

Writing system

Sign analysis

  1. 𐎣 ka Phonogram
  2. 𐎠 a Phonogram
  3. 𐎼 ra Phonogram
  4. 𐎶 ma Phonogram
Corpus connection

Attested uses in inscription lines

39 occurrences
DB2. · 46100% confidence

𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼 𐏐 𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎶𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼𐎶 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐏃𐎷[𐎡]𐏂𐎡[𐎹𐎶] 𐏐 [𐎠]𐎩 𐏐 𐎺𐎿𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎰𐎠𐎡𐎥𐎼𐎨/𐎡𐏁

: k-a-r : h-y : m-n-a : a-v-m : k-a-r-m : t-y-m : h-mi-[i]-ç-i-[y-m] : [a]-j : v-s-i-y : ϑ-a-i-g-r-c-/i-šToken span 10–10 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB2. · 55100% confidence

𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼 𐏐 𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎶𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼𐎶 𐏐 𐎫[𐎹𐎶 𐏐] 𐏃𐎷𐎡𐏂𐎡𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎩 𐏐 𐎺𐎿𐎡𐎹 𐏐

: k-a-r : h-y : m-n-a : a-v-m : k-a-r-m : t-[y-m :] h-mi-i-ç-i-y-m : a-j : v-s-i-y :Token span 10–10 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB2. · 61100% confidence

𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼𐎶 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐏃𐎷𐎡𐏂𐎡𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎩 𐏐 𐎺𐎿𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎰𐎢𐎼𐎺𐎠𐏃𐎼𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎶𐎠𐏃/𐎹𐎠

: a-v-m : k-a-r-m : t-y-m : h-mi-i-ç-i-y-m : a-j : v-s-i-y : ϑ-u-r-v-a-h-r-h-y : m-a-h-/y-aToken span 4–4 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB2. · 68100% confidence

𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎶𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎢𐎼𐎶𐏀𐎭𐎠𐎶𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎢𐎱𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎲𐎼 𐏐 𐎺𐏁𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎢𐎼𐎶𐏀𐎭𐎠𐏃 𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼𐎶

: a-ku-u-m-a : a-u-r-m-z-d-a-m-i-y : u-p-s-t-a-m : a-b-r : v-š-n-a : a-u-r-m-z-d-a-h : k-a-r-mToken span 14–14 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB2. · 72100% confidence

𐏐 𐎴𐎠𐎶𐎠 𐏐 𐎭𐏃𐎹𐎠𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐎶𐎠𐎭𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎱𐎼𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐏁𐎡𐎹𐎺 𐏐 𐎱𐎿𐎠𐎺 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼𐎶 𐏐 𐎳/𐎼𐎠𐎡𐏁𐎹𐎶

: n-a-m-a : d-h-y-a-u-š : m-a-d-i-y : a-v-p-r-a : a-š-i-y-v : p-s-a-v : a-d-m : k-a-r-m : f-/r-a-i-š-y-mToken span 16–16 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB2. · 81100% confidence

𐏐 𐎢𐎺𐎧𐏁𐎫𐎼[𐏃𐎹]𐎠 𐏐 𐎫𐎢𐎶𐎠𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎿𐎠𐎺 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼𐎶 𐏐 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿𐎶 𐏐 𐎢𐎫/𐎠

: u-v-x-š-t-r-[h-y]-a : t-u-m-a-y-a : p-s-a-v : a-d-m : k-a-r-m : p-a-r-s-m : u-t-/aToken span 10–10 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB2. · 83100% confidence

𐏐 𐎶𐎰𐎡𐏁𐎫𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎺𐎶 𐏐 [𐎠]𐎺𐎰𐎠𐏁𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎰𐏃𐎶 𐏐 𐎱𐎼𐎡𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎣/𐎠𐎼𐎶

: m-ϑ-i-š-t-m : a-ku-u-n-v-m : [a]-v-ϑ-a-š-a-m : a-ϑ-h-m : p-r-i-t-a : k-/a-r-mToken span 12–12 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB2. · 87100% confidence

𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼 𐏐 𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎶𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼𐎶 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐏃𐎷𐎡𐏂𐎡𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎩 𐏐 𐎢𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎨/𐎡𐏂𐎫𐎧𐎶𐎶

: k-a-r : h-y : m-n-a : a-v-m : k-a-r-m : t-y-m : h-mi-i-ç-i-y-m : a-j : u-t-a : c-/i-ç-t-x-m-mToken span 10–10 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB2. · 97100% confidence

𐏐 [𐎢𐎱𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎲𐎼 𐏐] 𐎺𐏁𐎴𐎠 [𐏐 𐎠]𐎢𐎼𐎶[𐏀𐎭𐎠𐏃 𐏐 𐎻𐏁]𐎫𐎠[𐎿𐎱] 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼[𐎶 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐏃]𐎷[𐎡]𐏂𐎡𐎹/𐎶

: [u-p-s-t-a-m : a-b-r :] v-š-n-a [: a]-u-r-m-[z-d-a-h : vi-š]-t-a-[s-p] : a-v-m : k-a-r-[m : t-y-m : h]-mi-[i]-ç-i-y-/mToken span 14–14 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB3. · 1100% confidence

𐏐 𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎱𐎿𐎠𐎺 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼/𐎶

: ϑ-a-t-i-y : d-a-r-y-v-u-š : x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : p-s-a-v : a-d-m : k-a-r-/mToken span 12–12 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB3. · 4100% confidence

𐏐 𐎱𐎿𐎠𐎺 𐏐 𐎻𐏁𐎫𐎠𐎿𐎱 𐏐 𐎠𐎹𐎿𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐏁𐎡𐎹𐎺 𐏐 𐎱𐎫𐎡𐎥𐎼𐎲/𐎴𐎠

: p-s-a-v : vi-š-t-a-s-p : a-y-s-t-a : a-v-m : k-a-r-m : a-š-i-y-v : p-t-i-g-r-b-/n-aToken span 10–10 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB3. · 7100% confidence

𐏐 𐎻𐏁𐎫𐎠𐎿𐎱 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼𐎶 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐏃𐎷𐎡𐏂𐎡𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎩 𐏐 𐎺𐎿𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎥/𐎼𐎶𐎱𐎭𐏃𐎹

: vi-š-t-a-s-p : a-v-m : k-a-r-m : t-y-m : h-mi-i-ç-i-y-m : a-j : v-s-i-y : g-/r-m-p-d-h-yToken span 6–6 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
Scholarly traceability

Citations and attestation locations

ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DB (Q007134) · Q007134.108.7

Documented dictionary attestation in DB (Q007134), Q007134.108.7.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DPe (Q007161) · Q007161.21.11

Documented dictionary attestation in DPe (Q007161), Q007161.21.11.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DSf (Q007172) · Q007172.29.11

Documented dictionary attestation in DSf (Q007172), Q007172.29.11.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DSz (Q007187) · Q007187.8.11

Documented dictionary attestation in DSz (Q007187), Q007187.8.11.View source