Machine-generated and unreviewed
𐎱𐎢𐎨
Attested in Old Persian

son

Lemma
puça-
Transliteration
p-u-ç
Transcription
puça

Audio reading

3 readings

An approximate machine-generated reading based on the entry’s transcription; scholarly review is needed.

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Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

  • A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
  • The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
  • Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

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Reading and evidence

Evidence note

Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for puça; English gloss: son.

Writing system

Sign analysis

  1. 𐎱 pa Phonogram
  2. 𐎢 u Phonogram
  3. 𐎨 ča Phonogram
Corpus connection

Attested uses in inscription lines

104 occurrences
D2Ha · 16100% confidence

𐏐 𐏋𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐏂 𐏐 𐏃𐎧𐎠𐎶𐎴𐎡𐏁𐎡/𐎹

: XŠ-h-y-a : p-u-ç : h-x-a-m-n-i-š-i-/yToken span 4–4 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
A2Sa · 1100% confidence

𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎼𐎫𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎠 𐏐 𐏋 𐏐 𐎺𐏀𐎼𐎣 𐏐 𐏋 𐏐 𐏋𐎹𐎠𐎴𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐏋 𐏐 𐏍𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐏋 𐏐 𐎠𐏃𐎹𐎠𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐏏𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐏋𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐏂 𐏐 𐎭/𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁𐏃𐎹𐎠

ϑ-a-t-i-y : a-r-t-x-š-ç-a : XŠ : v-z-r-k : XŠ : XŠ-y-a-n-a-m : XŠ : DH-y-u-n-a-m : XŠ : a-h-y-a-y-a : BU-y-a : d-a-r-y-v-u-š-h-y-a : XŠ-h-y-a : p-u-ç : d-/a-r-y-v-u-š-h-y-aToken span 27–27 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
A2Sa · 2100% confidence

𐏐 𐎠𐎼𐎫𐎧𐏁𐏂[𐎠]𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐏋𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐏂 𐏐 𐎠𐎼𐎫𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎠𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐎨𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐏋𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐏂 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐎨𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼/𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁𐏃[𐎹𐎠

: a-r-t-x-š-ç-[a]-h-y-a : XŠ-h-y-a : p-u-ç : a-r-t-x-š-ç-a-h-y-a : x-š-y-a-r-c-h-y-a : XŠ-h-y-a : p-u-ç : x-š-y-a-r-c-h-y-a : d-a-r-/y-v-u-š-h-[y-aToken span 6–6 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
A2Sa · 2100% confidence

𐏐 𐎠𐎼𐎫𐎧𐏁𐏂[𐎠]𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐏋𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐏂 𐏐 𐎠𐎼𐎫𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎠𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐎨𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐏋𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐏂 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐎨𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼/𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁𐏃[𐎹𐎠

: a-r-t-x-š-ç-[a]-h-y-a : XŠ-h-y-a : p-u-ç : a-r-t-x-š-ç-a-h-y-a : x-š-y-a-r-c-h-y-a : XŠ-h-y-a : p-u-ç : x-š-y-a-r-c-h-y-a : d-a-r-/y-v-u-š-h-[y-aToken span 14–14 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
A2Sa · 3100% confidence

𐏐] 𐏋𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐏂 𐏐 𐎭[𐎠𐎼]𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎻𐏁𐎫𐎠𐎿𐎱𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐏂 𐏐 𐏃𐎧𐎶𐎠𐎴𐏁𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎡𐎶𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎱𐎭𐎠𐎴 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐎠𐎱𐎴𐎹𐎠𐎣𐎶 𐏐 𐎠[𐎤]/𐎢𐎴𐏁

:] XŠ-h-y-a : p-u-ç : d-[a-r]-y-v-u-š-h-y-a : vi-š-t-a-s-p-h-y-a : p-u-ç : h-x-m-a-n-š-i-y : i-m-m : a-p-d-a-n : d-a-r-y-v-u-š : a-p-n-y-a-k-m : a-[ku]-/u-n-šToken span 4–4 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
A2Sa · 3100% confidence

𐏐] 𐏋𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐏂 𐏐 𐎭[𐎠𐎼]𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎻𐏁𐎫𐎠𐎿𐎱𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐏂 𐏐 𐏃𐎧𐎶𐎠𐎴𐏁𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎡𐎶𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎱𐎭𐎠𐎴 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐎠𐎱𐎴𐎹𐎠𐎣𐎶 𐏐 𐎠[𐎤]/𐎢𐎴𐏁

:] XŠ-h-y-a : p-u-ç : d-[a-r]-y-v-u-š-h-y-a : vi-š-t-a-s-p-h-y-a : p-u-ç : h-x-m-a-n-š-i-y : i-m-m : a-p-d-a-n : d-a-r-y-v-u-š : a-p-n-y-a-k-m : a-[ku]-/u-n-šToken span 10–10 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
A2Sc · 0.1100% confidence

[𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁𐏃𐎹]𐎠 𐏐 𐏋[𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐏂 𐏐]

[d-a-r-y-v-u-š-h-y]-a : XŠ-[h-y-a : p-u-ç :]Token span 5–5 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
A2Sc · 0.2100% confidence

[𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁]𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎻[𐏁𐎫𐎠𐎿𐎱𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐏂]

[d-a-r-y-v-u-š]-h-y-a : vi-[š-t-a-s-p-h-y-a : p-u-ç]Token span 5–5 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
A2Sd · 2100% confidence

𐏏𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐏋𐎠𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐏂 𐏐 𐏃𐎧𐎠𐎶𐎴𐎡𐏁𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎼𐎫𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎠 𐏐 𐏋 𐏐

BU-y-a : d-a-r-y-v-u-š : XŠ-a-h-y-a : p-u-ç : h-x-a-m-n-i-š-i-y : ϑ-a-t-i-y : a-r-t-x-š-ç-a : XŠ :Token span 7–7 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
A2Ha · 2100% confidence

𐏐 𐏏𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐏁𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐏋𐏃𐎹𐎠 [𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐏂 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐏁𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎼𐎫𐎧𐏁𐎰𐎼]/𐏃𐎹𐎠

: BU-y-a : d-a-r-y-v-š-h-y-a : XŠ-h-y-a [: p-u-ç : d-a-r-y-v-š-h-y-a : a-r-t-x-š-ϑ-r]-/h-y-aToken span 8–8 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
A2Ha · 3100% confidence

𐏐 𐏋𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐏂 𐏐 𐎠𐎼𐎫𐎧𐏁𐎰𐎼𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎧[𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐏋𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐏂 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼]/𐏁𐏃𐎹𐎠

: XŠ-h-y-a : p-u-ç : a-r-t-x-š-ϑ-r-h-y-a : x-[š-y-a-r-š-h-y-a : XŠ-h-y-a : p-u-ç : x-š-y-a-r]-/š-h-y-aToken span 4–4 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
A2Ha · 3100% confidence

𐏐 𐏋𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐏂 𐏐 𐎠𐎼𐎫𐎧𐏁𐎰𐎼𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎧[𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐏋𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐏂 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼]/𐏁𐏃𐎹𐎠

: XŠ-h-y-a : p-u-ç : a-r-t-x-š-ϑ-r-h-y-a : x-[š-y-a-r-š-h-y-a : XŠ-h-y-a : p-u-ç : x-š-y-a-r]-/š-h-y-aToken span 12–12 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
Scholarly traceability

Citations and attestation locations

ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

AmHa (Q007129) · Q007129.3.6

Documented dictionary attestation in AmHa (Q007129), Q007129.3.6.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

AsHa (Q007130) · Q007130.4.3

Documented dictionary attestation in AsHa (Q007130), Q007130.4.3.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DB (Q007134) · Q007134.107.5

Documented dictionary attestation in DB (Q007134), Q007134.107.5.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DBa (Q007135) · Q007135.3.7

Documented dictionary attestation in DBa (Q007135), Q007135.3.7.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DBb (Q007136) · Q007136.6.3

Documented dictionary attestation in DBb (Q007136), Q007136.6.3.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DBd (Q007138) · Q007138.6.3

Documented dictionary attestation in DBd (Q007138), Q007138.6.3.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DBh (Q007142) · Q007142.7.3

Documented dictionary attestation in DBh (Q007142), Q007142.7.3.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DBi (Q007143) · Q007143.8.3

Documented dictionary attestation in DBi (Q007143), Q007143.8.3.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DEa (Q007146) · Q007146.20.3

Documented dictionary attestation in DEa (Q007146), Q007146.20.3.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DGa (Q007147) · Q007147.5.3

Documented dictionary attestation in DGa (Q007147), Q007147.5.3.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DHa (Q007148) · Q007148.2.5

Documented dictionary attestation in DHa (Q007148), Q007148.2.5.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DNa (Q007152) · Q007152.13.3

Documented dictionary attestation in DNa (Q007152), Q007152.13.3.View source