Machine-generated and unreviewed
𐎠𐏃
Attested in Old Persian

be

Lemma
ah
Transliteration
a-h
Transcription
āha

Audio reading

3 readings

An approximate machine-generated reading based on the entry’s transcription; scholarly review is needed.

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Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

  • A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
  • The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
  • Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

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Reading and evidence

Evidence note

Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for āha; English gloss: be.

Writing system

Sign analysis

  1. 𐎠 a Phonogram
  2. 𐏃 ha Phonogram
Corpus connection

Attested uses in inscription lines

67 occurrences
DB1. · 62100% confidence

𐏐 𐎱𐎼𐎠𐎲𐎼𐎫𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐏃 𐏐 𐎠𐎺 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎱𐎫𐎡𐎱𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶𐏁𐎡𐎶 𐏐 𐎥𐎠𐎰/𐎺𐎠

: p-r-a-b-r-t-m : a-h : a-v : a-d-m : p-t-i-p-d-m : a-ku-u-n-v-m : a-d-m-š-i-m : g-a-ϑ-/v-aToken span 4–4 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB1. · 86100% confidence

𐎠𐎲𐎡𐏁 𐏐 𐎴𐎠𐎻𐎡𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐏃 𐏐 𐎱𐎿𐎠𐎺 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼𐎶 𐏐 𐎶𐏁𐎣𐎠𐎢𐎺𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎠𐎣𐎴𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎴𐎡𐎹𐎶𐏐 𐎢𐏁/𐎲𐎠𐎼𐎡𐎶

a-b-i-š : n-a-vi-i-y-a : a-h : p-s-a-v : a-d-m : k-a-r-m : m-š-k-a-u-v-a : a-v-a-k-n-m : a-n-i-y-m: u-š-/b-a-r-i-mToken span 5–5 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB1. · 90100% confidence

𐏐 𐎰𐎣𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐏃 𐏐 𐎠[𐎺]𐎰𐎠 𐏐 𐏃𐎶𐎼𐎴𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎶(𐎠) !! 𐏐 𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐎧/𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹

: ϑ-k-t-a : a-h : a-[v]-ϑ-a : h-m-r-n-m : a-ku-u-m-(a) !! : ϑ-a-t-i-y : d-a-r-y-v-u-š : x-/š-a-y-ϑ-i-yToken span 4–4 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB1. · 96100% confidence

𐏐 𐎱𐎼𐎠𐎲𐎼 𐏐 𐎠𐎴𐎠𐎶𐎣𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎶𐎠𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐏒 𐏐 𐎼𐎢𐎨𐎲𐎡𐏁 𐏐 𐎰𐎣𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐏃 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎰𐎠 𐏐 𐏃𐎶[𐎼𐎴𐎶 𐏐 𐎠](𐎤)𐎢𐎶𐎠

: p-r-a-b-r : a-n-a-m-k-h-y : m-a-h-y-a : 2 : r-u-c-b-i-š : ϑ-k-t-a : a-h : a-v-ϑ-a : h-m-[r-n-m : a]-(ku)-u-m-aToken span 14–14 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB2. · 13100% confidence

𐏐 𐎠𐎥𐎼𐎲𐎠𐎹 𐏐 𐏃𐎹𐏁𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎶𐎰𐎡𐏁𐎫 𐏐 𐎠𐏃 𐏐 (𐎢)[𐎫𐎠𐏁𐎡𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎺]𐎠𐎩𐎴 !! 𐏐 𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭/𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁

: a-g-r-b-a-y : h-y-š-a-m : m-ϑ-i-š-t : a-h : (u)-[t-a-š-i-m : a-v]-a-j-n !! : ϑ-a-t-i-y : d-/a-r-y-v-u-šToken span 8–8 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB2. · 18100% confidence

𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼 𐏐 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 𐏐 𐎢[𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎶]𐎠𐎭 𐏐 𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎢𐎱𐎠 𐏐 𐎶𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎠/𐏃

ϑ-a-t-i-y : d-a-r-y-v-u-š : x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : k-a-r : p-a-r-s : u-[t-a : m]-a-d : h-y : u-p-a : m-a-m : a-/hToken span 21–21 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB2. · 19100% confidence

𐏐 𐏃𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐎣𐎶𐎴𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐏃 𐏐 𐎱𐎿𐎠𐎺 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼𐎶 𐏐 𐎳𐎼𐎠𐎡𐏁[𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎻𐎡]𐎭𐎼𐎴 𐏐 𐎴𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 𐏐 𐎶𐎴/𐎠

: h-u-v : k-m-n-m : a-h : p-s-a-v : a-d-m : k-a-r-m : f-r-a-i-š-[y-m : vi-i]-d-r-n : n-a-m : p-a-r-s : m-n-/aToken span 6–6 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB2. · 24100% confidence

𐏐 𐎶𐎰𐎡𐏁𐎫 𐏐 𐎠𐏃 𐏐 𐏃𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎣𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎴𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎭𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐏃 𐏐 𐎠𐎢𐎼𐎶𐏀𐎭𐎠𐎶𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎢/𐎱𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎶

: m-ϑ-i-š-t : a-h : h-u-v : a-d-k-i-y : n-i-y : a-v-d-a : a-h : a-u-r-m-z-d-a-m-i-y : u-/p-s-t-a-mToken span 4–4 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB2. · 24100% confidence

𐏐 𐎶𐎰𐎡𐏁𐎫 𐏐 𐎠𐏃 𐏐 𐏃𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎣𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎴𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎭𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐏃 𐏐 𐎠𐎢𐎼𐎶𐏀𐎭𐎠𐎶𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎢/𐎱𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎶

: m-ϑ-i-š-t : a-h : h-u-v : a-d-k-i-y : n-i-y : a-v-d-a : a-h : a-u-r-m-z-d-a-m-i-y : u-/p-s-t-a-mToken span 14–14 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB2. · 27100% confidence

𐏐 𐎠𐏃 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎰𐎠𐏁𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐏃𐎶𐎼𐎴𐎶 𐏐 𐎣𐎼𐎫𐎶 𐏐 𐎱𐎿𐎠𐎺 𐏐 𐏃𐎢𐎺 𐏐 [𐎣𐎠]𐎼 𐏐 𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎶𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎣𐎱𐎭 𐏐 𐎴𐎠𐎶/𐎠

: a-h : a-v-ϑ-a-š-a-m : h-m-r-n-m : k-r-t-m : p-s-a-v : h-u-v : [k-a]-r : h-y : m-n-a : k-p-d : n-a-m-/aToken span 2–2 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB2. · 36100% confidence

𐎠𐎩 𐏐 𐎺𐎿𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎰𐎢𐎼𐎺𐎠𐏃𐎼𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎶𐎠𐏃[𐎹𐎠 𐏐] 𐏒𐏒𐏒[𐏒 𐏐 𐎼𐎢𐎨𐎲𐎡]𐏁 𐏐 𐎰𐎣𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐏃 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎰/𐎠𐏁𐎠𐎶

a-j : v-s-i-y : ϑ-u-r-v-a-h-r-h-y : m-a-h-[y-a :] 2-2-2-[2 : r-u-c-b-i]-š : ϑ-k-t-a : a-h : a-v-ϑ-/a-š-a-mToken span 15–15 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB2. · 42100% confidence

𐏐 𐎼𐎢𐎨𐎲𐎡𐏁 𐏐 𐎰𐎣𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐏃 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎰𐎠𐏁𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐏃𐎶𐎼𐎴𐎶 𐏐 𐎣[𐎼𐎫𐎶] !! 𐏐 𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹/𐎺𐎢𐏁

: r-u-c-b-i-š : ϑ-k-t-a : a-h : a-v-ϑ-a-š-a-m : h-m-r-n-m : k-[r-t-m] !! : ϑ-a-t-i-y : d-a-r-y-/v-u-šToken span 6–6 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
Scholarly traceability

Citations and attestation locations

ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

AmHa (Q007129) · Q007129.9.3

Documented dictionary attestation in AmHa (Q007129), Q007129.9.3.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DB (Q007134) · Q007134.104.9

Documented dictionary attestation in DB (Q007134), Q007134.104.9.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DBa (Q007135) · Q007135.12.2

Documented dictionary attestation in DBa (Q007135), Q007135.12.2.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DBb (Q007136) · Q007136.5.3

Documented dictionary attestation in DBb (Q007136), Q007136.5.3.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DBc (Q007137) · Q007137.8.3

Documented dictionary attestation in DBc (Q007137), Q007137.8.3.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DBd (Q007138) · Q007138.4.3

Documented dictionary attestation in DBd (Q007138), Q007138.4.3.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DBe (Q007139) · Q007139.6.3

Documented dictionary attestation in DBe (Q007139), Q007139.6.3.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DBf (Q007140) · Q007140.4.5

Documented dictionary attestation in DBf (Q007140), Q007140.4.5.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DBg (Q007141) · Q007141.7.3

Documented dictionary attestation in DBg (Q007141), Q007141.7.3.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DBh (Q007142) · Q007142.5.5

Documented dictionary attestation in DBh (Q007142), Q007142.5.5.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DBi (Q007143) · Q007143.10.3

Documented dictionary attestation in DBi (Q007143), Q007143.10.3.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DBj (Q007144) · Q007144.5.3

Documented dictionary attestation in DBj (Q007144), Q007144.5.3.View source