Machine-generated and unreviewed
𐎠𐏃
Attested in Old Persian

be

Lemma
ah
Transliteration
a-h
Transcription
āha

Audio reading

3 readings

An approximate machine-generated reading based on the entry’s transcription; scholarly review is needed.

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Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

  • A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
  • The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
  • Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

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Reading and evidence

Evidence note

Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for āha; English gloss: be.

Writing system

Sign analysis

  1. 𐎠 a Phonogram
  2. 𐏃 ha Phonogram
Corpus connection

Attested uses in inscription lines

67 occurrences
DB3. · 69100% confidence

𐎠𐏃 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎰𐎠𐏁𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐏃𐎶𐎼𐎴𐎶 𐏐 𐎣𐎼𐎫𐎶 !! 𐏐 𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐

a-h : a-v-ϑ-a-š-a-m : h-m-r-n-m : k-r-t-m !! : ϑ-a-t-i-y : d-a-r-y-v-u-š : x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y :Token span 1–1 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB3. · 70100% confidence

𐎱𐎿𐎠𐎺 𐏐 𐏃𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐎶𐎼𐎫[𐎡](𐎹) 𐏐 𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎶𐎰[𐎡𐏁𐎫 𐏐 𐎠]𐏃 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎺/𐏃𐎹𐏀𐎭𐎠𐎫

p-s-a-v : h-u-v : m-r-t-[i]-(y) : h-y : a-v-h-y-a : k-a-r-h-y-a : m-ϑ-[i-š-t : a]-h : t-y-m : v-/h-y-z-d-a-tToken span 15–15 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB3. · 89100% confidence

𐏐 𐎰𐎣𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐏃 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎰𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎼𐎧𐎶 𐏐 [𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎴𐎲]𐎢𐎤𐎭𐎼𐎨𐎼 [𐏐 𐎯𐎢𐎽𐎢𐎧](𐎫)𐎶 𐏐 𐎠/𐎥𐎢𐎲𐎫[𐎠]

: ϑ-k-t-a : a-h : a-v-ϑ-a : a-v-m : a-r-x-m : [h-y : n-b]-u-ku-d-r-c-r [: du-u-ru-u-x]-(t)-m : a-/g-u-b-t-[a]Token span 4–4 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB4. · 8100% confidence

𐎴𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎶𐎦𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐎠𐏃 𐏐 (𐏃)[𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐎠𐎯]𐎢𐎽𐎢𐎪𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎰𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎰𐏃 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐

n-a-m : m-gu-u-š : a-h : (h)-[u-v : a-du]-u-ru-u-ji-i-y : a-v-ϑ-a : a-ϑ-h : a-d-m :Token span 5–5 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB4. · 51100% confidence

𐏐 𐎱𐎽𐎢𐎺𐎠 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹[𐎠 𐏐] 𐎹𐎠𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐏃 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎡𐏁𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎠 𐏐 𐎴𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎿𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎣𐎼/𐎫𐎶

: p-ru-u-v-a : x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y-[a :] y-a-t-a : a-h : a-v-i-š-a-m : a-v-a : n-i-y : a-s-t-i-y : k-r-/t-mToken span 8–8 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB4. · 89100% confidence

𐏐 𐎡𐎶 𐏐 𐎮𐎡𐎱𐎡(𐎨)𐎡(𐏂𐎶 𐏐) 𐎫𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎱𐎫𐎡𐏁𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎼𐎡𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐏃 𐏐 𐎢𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎺𐎿𐎫/𐎠𐎹[𐎠]

: i-m : di-i-p-i-(c)-i-(ç-m :) t-y : a-d-m : a-ku-u-n-v-m : p-t-i-š-m : a-r-i-y-a : a-h : u-t-a : p-v-s-t-/a-y-[a]Token span 16–16 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB4. · 90100% confidence

𐏐 𐎢𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎨𐎼𐎶𐎠 𐏐 𐎥𐎼[𐎳𐎫𐎶] 𐏐 (𐎠𐏃) 𐏐 [𐎱𐎫]𐎡𐏁𐎶[𐎨]𐎡𐎹 𐏐 [𐎴𐎠𐎶𐎴𐎠]𐎳𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎱[𐎫]𐎡𐏁[𐎶 𐏐 𐎢]𐎺𐎠𐎭𐎠/[𐎫𐎶]

: u-t-a : c-r-m-a : g-r-[f-t-m] : (a-h) : [p-t]-i-š-m-[c]-i-y : [n-a-m-n-a]-f-m : a-ku-u-n-v-m : p-[t]-i-š-[m : u]-v-a-d-a-/[t-m]Token span 8–8 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB5. · 15100% confidence

𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎡𐎹 𐏐 [𐎢]𐎺[𐎪]𐎡𐎹𐎠 𐏐 [𐎠𐎼𐎡𐎣𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐏃 𐏐] 𐎢𐎫𐎠𐏁𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎢𐎼𐎶/𐏀𐎭𐎠

: a-v-i-y : [u]-v-[ji]-i-y-a : [a-r-i-k-a : a-h :] u-t-a-š-a-m : a-u-r-m-/z-d-aToken span 8–8 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB5. · 27100% confidence

𐏐 𐏃𐎹 𐏐] (𐎶𐎰)𐎡𐏁𐎫 [𐏐 𐎠𐏃 𐏐] 𐎿[𐎤]𐎢𐎧 𐏐 𐎴𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎥/𐎼𐎲𐎠[𐎹

: h-y :] (m-ϑ)-i-š-t [: a-h :] s-[ku]-u-x : n-a-m : a-v-m : a-g-/r-b-a-[yToken span 6–6 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB5. · 29100% confidence

𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎹[𐎰𐎠 𐏐] 𐎶𐎠𐎶 𐏐 [𐎣]𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐏃 𐏐 𐎱𐎿𐎠𐎺 𐏐 𐎭/𐏃𐎹𐎠[𐎢𐏁

: a-ku-u-n-v-m : y-[ϑ-a :] m-a-m : [k]-a-m : a-h : p-s-a-v : d-/h-y-a-[u-šToken span 10–10 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB5. · 31100% confidence

𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎡𐎹 𐏐] 𐎿[𐎣]𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎼𐎡[𐎣𐎠 𐏐 𐎠]𐏃 [𐏐] 𐎢𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎴𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎢𐎼𐎶𐏀𐎭/𐎠[𐏁𐎠𐎶

: a-v-i-y :] s-[k]-a : a-r-i-[k-a : a]-h [:] u-t-a : n-i-y : a-u-r-m-z-d-/a-[š-a-mToken span 8–8 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DBa · 13100% confidence

𐏐 𐎫𐎢𐎶𐎠 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡!!𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐏃 !! 𐏐 𐎰𐎠/𐎫𐎡𐎹

: t-u-m-a : x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-!!-y-a : a-h !! : ϑ-a-/t-i-yToken span 6–6 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
Scholarly traceability

Citations and attestation locations

ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

AmHa (Q007129) · Q007129.9.3

Documented dictionary attestation in AmHa (Q007129), Q007129.9.3.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DB (Q007134) · Q007134.104.9

Documented dictionary attestation in DB (Q007134), Q007134.104.9.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DBa (Q007135) · Q007135.12.2

Documented dictionary attestation in DBa (Q007135), Q007135.12.2.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DBb (Q007136) · Q007136.5.3

Documented dictionary attestation in DBb (Q007136), Q007136.5.3.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DBc (Q007137) · Q007137.8.3

Documented dictionary attestation in DBc (Q007137), Q007137.8.3.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DBd (Q007138) · Q007138.4.3

Documented dictionary attestation in DBd (Q007138), Q007138.4.3.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DBe (Q007139) · Q007139.6.3

Documented dictionary attestation in DBe (Q007139), Q007139.6.3.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DBf (Q007140) · Q007140.4.5

Documented dictionary attestation in DBf (Q007140), Q007140.4.5.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DBg (Q007141) · Q007141.7.3

Documented dictionary attestation in DBg (Q007141), Q007141.7.3.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DBh (Q007142) · Q007142.5.5

Documented dictionary attestation in DBh (Q007142), Q007142.5.5.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DBi (Q007143) · Q007143.10.3

Documented dictionary attestation in DBi (Q007143), Q007143.10.3.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DBj (Q007144) · Q007144.5.3

Documented dictionary attestation in DBj (Q007144), Q007144.5.3.View source