Machine-generated and unreviewed
𐏃𐏂𐎠
Attested in Old Persian

from

Lemma
hacā
Transliteration
h-c-a
Transcription
hacā

Audio reading

3 readings

An approximate machine-generated reading based on the entry’s transcription; scholarly review is needed.

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Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

  • A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
  • The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
  • Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

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Reading and evidence

Evidence note

Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for hacā; English gloss: from.

Writing system

Sign analysis

  1. 𐏃 ha Phonogram
  2. 𐏂 ça Phonogram
  3. 𐎠 a Phonogram
Corpus connection

Attested uses in inscription lines

67 occurrences
DB1. · 1975% confidence

𐏐 𐎶[𐎴]𐎠 𐏐 𐎲𐎭𐎣𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐏃𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎶𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎲𐎠𐎪𐎡𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎲𐎼𐎫𐎠 [𐏐 𐎫𐎹]𐏁𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐏃𐎨𐎠𐎶

: m-[n]-a : b-d-k-a : a-h-t-a : m-n-a : b-a-ji-i-m : a-b-r-t-a [: t-y]-š-a-m : h-c-a-mToken span 16–16 · exact · Needs human reviewView line and context
DB1. · 2375% confidence

𐏐 𐎡𐎶𐎠 𐏐 𐎭𐏃𐎹𐎠𐎺 𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎶𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎱𐎼𐎡𐎹𐎠𐎹 𐏐 𐎹𐎰𐎠𐏁𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐏃𐎨𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎰𐏃/𐎹

: i-m-a : d-h-y-a-v : t-y-n-a : m-n-a : d-a-t-a : a-p-r-i-y-a-y : y-ϑ-a-š-a-m : h-c-a-m : a-ϑ-h-/yToken span 16–16 · exact · Needs human reviewView line and context
DB2. · 675% confidence

𐏐 𐎹𐎠𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎼𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐎠𐏃[𐎶 𐏐 𐎡𐎶𐎠 𐏐 𐎭𐏃𐎹𐎠𐎺 𐏐] 𐎫𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐏃𐎨𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐏃/𐎷𐎡𐏂𐎡𐎹𐎠

: y-a-t-a : a-d-m : b-a-b-i-r-u-v : a-h-[m : i-m-a : d-h-y-a-v :] t-y-a : h-c-a-m : h-/mi-i-ç-i-y-aToken span 16–16 · exact · Needs human reviewView line and context
DB2. · 1275% confidence

𐏐 𐎠𐏃𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎢𐎺𐎩𐎶 𐏐 𐎱𐎿𐎠𐎺 𐏐 𐏃𐎨𐎠[𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎫𐎼𐎿 𐏐 𐎢𐎺]𐎪𐎡𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎶𐎼𐎫𐎡/𐎹𐎶

: a-h-m : a-b-i-y : u-v-j-m : p-s-a-v : h-c-a-[m : a-t-r-s : u-v]-ji-i-y-a : a-v-m : m-r-t-i-/y-mToken span 10–10 · exact · Needs human reviewView line and context
DB2. · 1675% confidence

𐏐 𐎫𐎢𐎶𐎠𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎿𐎠𐎺 𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼 𐏐 𐎶𐎠𐎭 𐏐 𐏃𐎹 𐏐 [𐎻𐎰𐎠𐎱𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐏃𐎢𐎺] 𐏐 𐏃𐎨𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐏃𐎷𐎡𐏂𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠/𐎲𐎺

: t-u-m-a-y-a : p-s-a-v : k-a-r : m-a-d : h-y : [vi-ϑ-a-p-t-i-y : h-u-v] : h-c-a-m : h-mi-i-ç-i-y : a-/b-vToken span 16–16 · exact · Needs human reviewView line and context
DB2. · 9375% confidence

𐏐 [𐏃𐎷]𐎡[𐏂]𐎡𐎹𐎠 𐏐 [𐎠𐎲]𐎺 𐏐 [𐏃𐎨𐎠]𐎶 𐏐 𐎳𐎼𐎺𐎼[𐎫𐎡𐏁 𐏐 𐎠𐎥]𐎢[𐎲]𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎻𐏁𐎫𐎠𐎿𐎱 𐏐 𐎶𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎡𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐏃/𐎢𐎺

: [h-mi]-i-[ç]-i-y-a : [a-b]-v : [h-c-a]-m : f-r-v-r-[t-i-š : a-g]-u-[b]-t-a : vi-š-t-a-s-p : m-n-a : p-i-t-a : h-/u-vToken span 6–6 · exact · Needs human reviewView line and context
DB3. · 2775% confidence

𐏐 𐏃𐎨𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐏃𐎷𐎡𐏂𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎲𐎺 𐏐 𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎺𐏃𐎹𐏀𐎭𐎠𐎫/𐎶

: h-c-a-m : h-mi-i-ç-i-y : a-b-v : a-b-i-y : a-v-m : v-h-y-z-d-a-t-/mToken span 2–2 · exact · Needs human reviewView line and context
DB3. · 7875% confidence

𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎽𐎢𐎻𐎡𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐏃𐎷𐎡𐏂𐎡𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎲𐎺 𐏐 𐏃𐎨𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐏑 𐎶𐎼𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎼𐎧 𐏐 𐎴𐎠𐎶 𐏐 (𐎠𐎼𐎷)𐎡𐎴𐎡/𐎹

b-a-b-i-ru-u-vi-i-y-a : h-mi-i-ç-i-y-a : a-b-v : h-c-a-m : 1 m-r-t-i-y : a-r-x : n-a-m : (a-r-mi)-i-n-i-/yToken span 7–7 · exact · Needs human reviewView line and context
DB3. · 8175% confidence

𐏐 𐎠𐎷𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎴𐎲𐎢𐎴𐎡𐎫𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐏂 𐏐 𐎱𐎿𐎠𐎺 𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼 𐏐 𐎲𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎽𐎢𐎻𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐏃𐎨𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐏃/𐎷𐎡𐏂𐎡𐎹

: a-mi-i-y : h-y : n-b-u-n-i-t-h-y : p-u-ç : p-s-a-v : k-a-r : b-a-b-i-ru-u-vi-i-y : h-c-a-m : h-/mi-i-ç-i-yToken span 16–16 · exact · Needs human reviewView line and context
DPe · 975% confidence

𐏐 𐎫𐎹 𐏐 𐏃𐎨𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎫𐎼𐎿 𐏐 𐎶𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎲𐎠𐎪/𐎡𐎶

: t-y : h-c-a-m : a-t-r-s : m-n-a : b-a-ji-/i-mToken span 4–4 · exact · Needs human reviewView line and context
DNa · 2075% confidence

𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐏁𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐏃𐎨𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎰𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎺 𐏐 [𐎠]/𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎺

: t-y-š-a-m : h-c-a-m : a-ϑ-h-y : a-v : [a]-/ku-u-n-vToken span 4–4 · exact · Needs human reviewView line and context
DSe · 1975% confidence

[𐎫𐎹𐏁𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐏃𐎨𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎰𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎺 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢]/[𐎴𐎺

[t-y-š-a-m : h-c-a-m : a-ϑ-h-y : a-v : a-ku-u]-/[n-vToken span 3–3 · exact · Needs human reviewView line and context
Scholarly traceability

Citations and attestation locations

ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DB (Q007134) · Q007134.104.17

Documented dictionary attestation in DB (Q007134), Q007134.104.17.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DBa (Q007135) · Q007135.11.3

Documented dictionary attestation in DBa (Q007135), Q007135.11.3.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DHa (Q007148) · Q007148.4.8

Documented dictionary attestation in DHa (Q007148), Q007148.4.8.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DNa (Q007152) · Q007152.18.3

Documented dictionary attestation in DNa (Q007152), Q007152.18.3.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DPd (Q007160) · Q007160.11.3

Documented dictionary attestation in DPd (Q007160), Q007160.11.3.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DPe (Q007161) · Q007161.20.6

Documented dictionary attestation in DPe (Q007161), Q007161.20.6.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DPh (Q007164) · Q007164.5.3

Documented dictionary attestation in DPh (Q007164), Q007164.5.3.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DSe (Q007171) · Q007171.17.3

Documented dictionary attestation in DSe (Q007171), Q007171.17.3.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DSf (Q007172) · Q007172.23.1

Documented dictionary attestation in DSf (Q007172), Q007172.23.1.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DSz (Q007187) · Q007187.11.3

Documented dictionary attestation in DSz (Q007187), Q007187.11.3.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DZc (Q007194) · Q007194.10.7

Documented dictionary attestation in DZc (Q007194), Q007194.10.7.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

XPh (Q007216) · Q007216.16.5

Documented dictionary attestation in XPh (Q007216), Q007216.16.5.View source