Machine-generated and unreviewed
𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎺𐎶
Attested in Old Persian

do

Lemma
kar
Transliteration
a-ku-u-n-v-m
Transcription
akunavam

Audio reading

3 readings

An approximate machine-generated reading based on the entry’s transcription; scholarly review is needed.

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Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

  • A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
  • The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
  • Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

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Reading and evidence

Evidence note

Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for akunavam; English gloss: do.

Writing system

Sign analysis

  1. 𐎠 a Phonogram
  2. 𐎤 ku Phonogram
  3. 𐎢 u Phonogram
  4. 𐎴 na Phonogram
  5. 𐎺 va Phonogram
  6. 𐎶 ma Phonogram
Corpus connection

Attested uses in inscription lines

86 occurrences
DB4. · 3100% confidence

𐏐 𐎧𐏁[𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡]𐎹 𐏐 𐎡𐎶 𐏐 𐎫𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴/𐎺𐎶

: x-š-[a-y-ϑ-i]-y : i-m : t-y : a-d-m : a-ku-u-n-/v-mToken span 10–10 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB4. · 6100% confidence

𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎺𐏁𐎴[𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎢𐎼]𐎶𐏀𐎭𐎠𐏃 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶𐏁𐎡𐏁 𐏐 𐎠/𐎩𐎴𐎶

: a-ku-u-n-v-m : v-š-n-[a : a-u-r]-m-z-d-a-h : a-d-m-š-i-š : a-/j-n-mToken span 2–2 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB4. · 36100% confidence

𐏐 𐎠𐎺𐎰𐎠𐎮𐎡[𐏁 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎺𐎶] !! 𐏐 𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡/𐎹

: a-v-ϑ-a-di-i-[š : a-ku-u-n-v-m] !! : ϑ-a-t-i-y : d-a-r-y-v-u-š : x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-/yToken span 4–4 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB4. · 40100% confidence

!! 𐏐 𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐎠[𐎼𐎹]𐎺𐎢[𐏁] 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎡𐎶 𐏐 𐎫𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎺𐎶 𐏐

!! : ϑ-a-t-i-y : d-a-[r-y]-v-u-[š] : x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : i-m : t-y : a-d-m : a-ku-u-n-v-m :Token span 14–14 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB4. · 40100% confidence

!! 𐏐 𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐎠[𐎼𐎹]𐎺𐎢[𐏁] 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎡𐎶 𐏐 𐎫𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎺𐎶 𐏐

!! : ϑ-a-t-i-y : d-a-[r-y]-v-u-[š] : x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : i-m : t-y : a-d-m : a-ku-u-n-v-m :Token span 16–16 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB4. · 41100% confidence

𐎺𐏁𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎢𐎼𐎶𐏀𐎭𐎠𐏃 [𐏐 𐏃]𐎶[𐏃]𐎹𐎠𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎰𐎼𐎭 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎬𐎢𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎣𐎠 𐏐 𐏃𐎹

v-š-n-a : a-u-r-m-z-d-a-h [: h]-m-[h]-y-a-y-a : ϑ-r-d : a-ku-u-n-v-m : tu-u-v-m : k-a : h-yToken span 9–9 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB4. · 45100% confidence

𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴[𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐏃𐎶]𐏃𐎹𐎠𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎰𐎼𐎭 !! 𐏐 𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹/𐎰𐎡𐎹

: a-d-m : a-ku-u-n-[v-m : h-m]-h-y-a-y-a : ϑ-r-d !! : ϑ-a-t-i-y : d-a-r-y-v-u-š : x-š-a-y-/ϑ-i-yToken span 4–4 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB4. · 59100% confidence

𐏐 𐎶𐎠 𐏐 𐎲𐎡𐎹𐎠 !! 𐏐 𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎡𐎶 𐏐 𐎫𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎺𐎶 𐏐

: m-a : b-i-y-a !! : ϑ-a-t-i-y : d-a-r-y-v-u-š : x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : i-m : t-y : a-d-m : a-ku-u-n-v-m :Token span 18–18 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB4. · 60100% confidence

𐏃𐎶𐏃𐎹𐎠𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎰𐎼𐎭 𐏐 [𐎺𐏁]𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎢𐎼𐎶𐏀𐎭𐎠𐏃 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎢𐎼𐎶𐏀𐎭𐎠𐎶𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎢𐎱𐎿/𐎫𐎠𐎶

h-m-h-y-a-y-a : ϑ-r-d : [v-š]-n-a : a-u-r-m-z-d-a-h : a-ku-u-n-v-m : a-u-r-m-z-d-a-m-i-y : u-p-s-/t-a-mToken span 9–9 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB4. · 65100% confidence

𐏐 𐎴𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐏁𐎣𐎢𐎰𐎡𐎶 𐏐 𐎴𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎬(𐎢)𐎵𐎢𐎺𐎫𐎶 𐏐 𐏀𐎢𐎼 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎶𐎼𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐏃𐎶𐎫/𐎧𐏁𐎫𐎠

: n-i-y : š-k-u-ϑ-i-m : n-i-y : tu-(u)-nu-u-v-t-m : z-u-r : a-ku-u-n-v-m : m-r-t-i-y : h-y : h-m-t-/x-š-t-aToken span 12–12 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB4. · 89100% confidence

𐏐 𐎡𐎶 𐏐 𐎮𐎡𐎱𐎡(𐎨)𐎡(𐏂𐎶 𐏐) 𐎫𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎱𐎫𐎡𐏁𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎼𐎡𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐏃 𐏐 𐎢𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎺𐎿𐎫/𐎠𐎹[𐎠]

: i-m : di-i-p-i-(c)-i-(ç-m :) t-y : a-d-m : a-ku-u-n-v-m : p-t-i-š-m : a-r-i-y-a : a-h : u-t-a : p-v-s-t-/a-y-[a]Token span 10–10 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DB4. · 90100% confidence

𐏐 𐎢𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎨𐎼𐎶𐎠 𐏐 𐎥𐎼[𐎳𐎫𐎶] 𐏐 (𐎠𐏃) 𐏐 [𐎱𐎫]𐎡𐏁𐎶[𐎨]𐎡𐎹 𐏐 [𐎴𐎠𐎶𐎴𐎠]𐎳𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎱[𐎫]𐎡𐏁[𐎶 𐏐 𐎢]𐎺𐎠𐎭𐎠/[𐎫𐎶]

: u-t-a : c-r-m-a : g-r-[f-t-m] : (a-h) : [p-t]-i-š-m-[c]-i-y : [n-a-m-n-a]-f-m : a-ku-u-n-v-m : p-[t]-i-š-[m : u]-v-a-d-a-/[t-m]Token span 14–14 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
Scholarly traceability

Citations and attestation locations

ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

AsHa (Q007130) · Q007130.8.3

Documented dictionary attestation in AsHa (Q007130), Q007130.8.3.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DB (Q007134) · Q007134.118.9

Documented dictionary attestation in DB (Q007134), Q007134.118.9.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DEa (Q007146) · Q007146.8.3

Documented dictionary attestation in DEa (Q007146), Q007146.8.3.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DGa (Q007147) · Q007147.6.7

Documented dictionary attestation in DGa (Q007147), Q007147.6.7.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DMa (Q007150) · Q007150.4.3

Documented dictionary attestation in DMa (Q007150), Q007150.4.3.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DNa (Q007152) · Q007152.20.11

Documented dictionary attestation in DNa (Q007152), Q007152.20.11.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DNb (Q007153) · Q007153.11.5

Documented dictionary attestation in DNb (Q007153), Q007153.11.5.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DPa (Q007157) · Q007157.6.7

Documented dictionary attestation in DPa (Q007157), Q007157.6.7.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DPc (Q007159) · Q007159.1.11

Documented dictionary attestation in DPc (Q007159), Q007159.1.11.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DPi (Q007165) · Q007165.1.11

Documented dictionary attestation in DPi (Q007165), Q007165.1.11.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DSa (Q007167) · Q007167.4.10

Documented dictionary attestation in DSa (Q007167), Q007167.4.10.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DSd (Q007170) · Q007170.3.16

Documented dictionary attestation in DSd (Q007170), Q007170.3.16.View source