Machine-generated and unreviewed
𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎺𐎶
Attested in Old Persian

do

Lemma
kar
Transliteration
a-ku-u-n-v-m
Transcription
akunavam

Audio reading

3 readings

An approximate machine-generated reading based on the entry’s transcription; scholarly review is needed.

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Listening guide

This file is a synthetic, approximate reading of the Old Persian text. As you listen:

  • A chime and the phrase “This part is missing or unreadable”: this part of the inscription is lost or unreadable, and no definite reading is available.
  • The phrase “Possible reconstructed reading”: what follows is a proposed reading of a reconstructed section and is not certain.
  • Pauses between sections: these separate parts of the reading; the length of a pause does not indicate the number of missing words.

Historical pronunciation needs scholarly review. To understand the text’s meaning, read the translation provided on this page.

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Text source, rights and permission

The text used for this reading comes from the TITUS Old Persian corpus, part of the TITUS project at Goethe University Frankfurt. Rights to the original data, texts and sources belong to their respective rights holders and remain independent of the rights to Parsiandej’s own contributions.

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Reading and evidence

Evidence note

Documented Old Persian dictionary entry for akunavam; English gloss: do.

Writing system

Sign analysis

  1. 𐎠 a Phonogram
  2. 𐎤 ku Phonogram
  3. 𐎢 u Phonogram
  4. 𐎴 na Phonogram
  5. 𐎺 va Phonogram
  6. 𐎶 ma Phonogram
Corpus connection

Attested uses in inscription lines

86 occurrences
XPh · 43100% confidence

𐏐 𐎴𐎡𐎲𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎡𐎫 𐏐 𐎫𐎹 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎤/𐎢𐎴𐎺𐎶

: n-i-b-m : a-ku-u-n-v-m : a-i-t : t-y : a-d-m : a-ku-/u-n-v-mToken span 12–12 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
XPh · 44100% confidence

𐏐 𐎻𐎡𐎿𐎶 𐏐 𐎺𐏁𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎢𐎼𐎶𐏀𐎭𐏃𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢/𐎴𐎺𐎶

: vi-i-s-m : v-š-n-a : a-u-r-m-z-d-h-a : a-ku-u-/n-v-mToken span 8–8 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
XPh · 46100% confidence

𐏐 𐎣𐎼𐎫𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎬𐎢𐎺 𐏐 𐎣𐎠 𐏐 𐏃𐎹 𐏐

: k-r-t-m : a-ku-u-n-v-m : tu-u-v : k-a : h-y :Token span 4–4 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
XPj · 1100% confidence

𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠 𐏐 𐏋 𐏐 𐎺𐏀𐎼𐎣 𐏐 𐏋 𐏐 𐏋𐎹𐎠𐎴𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐏋 𐏐 𐏍𐎹𐎢𐎴𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐏋 𐏐 𐎠𐏃𐎹𐎠𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎲𐎢𐎷𐎡[𐎹]𐎠 𐏐 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐏃𐎢𐏁 𐏐 𐏋𐎹𐏃𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎢𐏂 𐏐 𐏃𐎧𐎠𐎶𐎴𐎡𐏁𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠 𐏐 𐏋 𐏐 𐎡𐎶𐎶 𐏐 𐎫𐎨𐎼𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎺𐎶

a-d-m : x-š-y-a-r-š-a : XŠ : v-z-r-k : XŠ : XŠ-y-a-n-a-m : XŠ : DH-y-u-n-a-m : XŠ : a-h-y-a-y-a : b-u-mi-i-[y]-a : d-a-r-y-v-h-u-š : XŠ-y-h-y-a : p-u-ç : h-x-a-m-n-i-š-i-y : ϑ-a-t-i-y : x-š-y-a-r-š-a : XŠ : i-m-m : t-c-r-m : a-d-m : a-ku-u-n-v-mToken span 43–43 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
XPl · 54100% confidence

𐏐 𐎢𐎴𐎼𐎠𐎲𐎡𐏁 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐎫𐎹 𐏐 𐎶𐎠𐎶 𐏐

: u-n-r-a-b-i-š : a-ku-u-n-v-m : t-y : m-a-m :Token span 4–4 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
XPm · 1100% confidence

𐎰𐎠𐎫𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐎠𐎹𐎰𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎡𐎶𐎶 𐏐 𐎫𐎨𐎼𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎺𐎶

ϑ-a-t-i-y : x-š-y-a-r-š-a : x-š-a-y-ϑ-i-y : i-m-m : t-c-r-m : a-d-m : a-ku-u-n-v-mToken span 13–13 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
A1Pa · 21100% confidence

𐏐 𐎳[𐎼𐎫𐎼𐎶 𐏐 𐎱𐎿𐎠𐎺 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢]/𐎴𐎺[𐎶

: f-[r-t-r-m : p-s-a-v : a-d-m : a-ku-u]-/n-v-[mToken span 8–8 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
D2Sb · 4100% confidence

[𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐎶𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎡𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎡𐎶 𐏐 𐏃𐎮𐎡𐏁 𐏐 𐎱𐎿𐎠𐎺 𐏐 𐎺𐏁𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐏊 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎠]𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎺𐎶

[h-y : m-n-a : p-i-t-a : i-m : h-di-i-š : p-s-a-v : v-š-n-a : AM-h : a-d-m : a]-ku-u-n-v-mToken span 19–19 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
A2Sd · 3100% confidence

𐎺𐏁𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐏊𐎠 𐏐 𐎡𐎶𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐏃𐎮𐎡𐏁 𐏐 𐎫𐎹 𐏐 𐎪𐎺𐎮𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎱𐎼𐎭𐎹𐎭𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎭𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎴𐎺𐎶 𐏐 𐏈 𐏐 𐎠𐎴𐏃/𐎡𐎫

v-š-n-a : AM-h-a : i-m-a-m : h-di-i-š : t-y : ji-v-di-i-y : p-r-d-y-d-a-m : a-d-m : a-ku-u-n-v-m : AM : a-n-h-/i-tToken span 17–17 · exact · Automatically linkedView line and context
DMa · 475% confidence

[........ 𐏐 𐎠]𐎤𐎢𐎫𐎠 [𐏐 ........]

[........ : a]-ku-u-t-a [:........]Token span 4–4 · exact · Needs human reviewView line and context
DB1. · 5075% confidence

𐏐 𐎫𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐎶𐎦𐎢𐎶 𐏐 𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎶 𐏐 𐎮𐎡𐎫𐎶 𐏐 𐎨𐎧𐎼𐎡𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎣𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎡𐎶 𐏐 𐏃𐎨𐎠 𐏐 𐎭𐎼𐏁𐎶 𐏐 𐎠/𐎫𐎼𐎿

: t-y-m : m-gu-u-m : x-š-ç-m : di-i-t-m : c-x-r-i-y-a : k-a-r-š-i-m : h-c-a : d-r-š-m : a-/t-r-sToken span 10–10 · exact · Needs human reviewView line and context
DB1. · 9475% confidence

𐎨𐎼𐎫𐎴𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎱𐎿𐎠𐎺 𐏐 𐏃𐎶(𐎼𐎴)𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎤𐎢𐎶𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎢𐎼𐎶𐏀𐎭𐎠𐎶𐎡𐎹 𐏐 𐎢𐎱𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎶 𐏐 𐎠𐎲𐎼 [𐏐 𐎺𐏁𐎴𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎢𐎼]𐎶/𐏀𐎭𐎠𐏃

c-r-t-n-i-y : p-s-a-v : h-m-(r-n)-m : a-ku-u-m-a : a-u-r-m-z-d-a-m-i-y : u-p-s-t-a-m : a-b-r [: v-š-n-a : a-u-r]-m-/z-d-a-hToken span 1–1 · exact · Needs human reviewView line and context
Scholarly traceability

Citations and attestation locations

ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

AsHa (Q007130) · Q007130.8.3

Documented dictionary attestation in AsHa (Q007130), Q007130.8.3.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DB (Q007134) · Q007134.118.9

Documented dictionary attestation in DB (Q007134), Q007134.118.9.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DEa (Q007146) · Q007146.8.3

Documented dictionary attestation in DEa (Q007146), Q007146.8.3.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DGa (Q007147) · Q007147.6.7

Documented dictionary attestation in DGa (Q007147), Q007147.6.7.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DMa (Q007150) · Q007150.4.3

Documented dictionary attestation in DMa (Q007150), Q007150.4.3.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DNa (Q007152) · Q007152.20.11

Documented dictionary attestation in DNa (Q007152), Q007152.20.11.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DNb (Q007153) · Q007153.11.5

Documented dictionary attestation in DNb (Q007153), Q007153.11.5.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DPa (Q007157) · Q007157.6.7

Documented dictionary attestation in DPa (Q007157), Q007157.6.7.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DPc (Q007159) · Q007159.1.11

Documented dictionary attestation in DPc (Q007159), Q007159.1.11.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DPi (Q007165) · Q007165.1.11

Documented dictionary attestation in DPi (Q007165), Q007165.1.11.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DSa (Q007167) · Q007167.4.10

Documented dictionary attestation in DSa (Q007167), Q007167.4.10.View source
ARIO: Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions onlineOpen Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus (Oracc) / ARIo

DSd (Q007170) · Q007170.3.16

Documented dictionary attestation in DSd (Q007170), Q007170.3.16.View source